Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Caracterización de la inflamabilidad del material de cubierta panel tipo sándwich utilizado en construcciones, en base a sus propiedades físicas.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Tacuri Chimborazo, Kevin Josue; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    Roof covering alternatives, such as sandwich panels, have been widely used in construction. However, their behavior when exposed to an ignition source, their reaction to fire, and their contribution to fire incidents have not been thoroughly considered. Addressing this need, the present research characterizes the flammability of sandwich panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core, analyzing the influence of their physical properties on fire behavior to classify them according to international standards and assess their suitability for construction applications. Roof covering alternatives, such as sandwich panels, have been widely used in construction. However, their behavior when exposed to an ignition source, their reaction to fire, and their contribution to fire incidents have not been thoroughly considered. Addressing this need, the present research characterizes the flammability of sandwich panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core, analyzing the influence of their physical properties on fire behavior to classify them according to international standards and assess their suitability for construction applications. The findings demonstrate that sandwich panels with PIR cores are safe and efficient for construction purposes. However, further research is recommended to explore improvements through fire-retardant additives or coatings. Additionally, comparing their performance with other materials, such as panels with mineral wool cores, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and phenolic foam, could provide insights into safety, cost, and durability advantages.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de horno de convección forzada con una capacidad de 5 kg para la industria panificadora
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Núñez Arroba, Ariel Patricio; Villacís Verdezoto, Joel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The bakery industry is faced with the need to increase production speed due to society's growing demand for bakery products. In this context, forced convection ovens have proven to be a more efficient solution compared to static ovens, offering efficiency comparable to that of rotary ovens. A prototype of a forced convection oven was designed and built for the Rico Pan bakery, located in the parish of Santa Rosa. Both the static and dynamic mechanical elements of the oven were made of AISI 430 stainless steel due to its resistance to corrosion, guaranteeing durability and reliability. The oven includes fans that generate forced convection, allowing a homogeneous distribution of heat and, therefore, uniform baking of the products. The oven capacity is 5 kg of product and has a useful interior volume of 0.24 cubic meters, managing to operate efficiently in a temperature range of 125 to 180 degrees Celsius for a time of 20 to 25 minutes, ensuring thermal stability. As a result, in the operating tests, negligible levels of carbon monoxide were detected, which is a positive indicator for both human consumption and environmental impact, however, certain areas were found inside the furnace chamber where there are energy losses, for this reason, in terms of efficiency, the system reached 29.62 percent, which is optimal for this type of operation.
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    Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de un aislante térmico mediante la reutilización de residuos de material compuesto de matriz de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Freire Quinga, Erika Pamela; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The present investigation develops the technological process for the manufacture of a thermal insulator obtained from the combination of gypsum with crushed waste of a material with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for the manufacture of ceiling panels, the mechanical and thermal properties of flexure, hardness and thermal conductivity were evaluated of each volumetric configurations analyzed. From the tests, it was determined that the best mechanical and thermal behavior of the composite material was 50 percent gypsum and 50 percent GFRP with a thickness of 9.5 mm with a flexural strength of 10.93 MPa, surface hardness with a footprint of 13mm and thermal conductivity of 0.11 W / m K,, also the presence of GFRP residues reduces the weight of the ceiling by 60 percent as well as the manufacturing cost. In conclusion, composite material of gypsum with GFRP waste improved the mechanical properties compared to existing gypsum panels.
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    La adición de bolsas plásticas en la elaboración de bloques de adobe para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Cabay Cepeda, Sandra Rocío; Núñez Aldás, Galo Wilfrido
    The present investigation intends to evaluate the use of plastic bags in the manufacture of blocks of adobe, with the objective of determining the thermal variation and the acoustic conditioning; for this analysis, dosages were established with the addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of crushed plastic bags, independently of the adobe elaborated in the traditional way, which were evaluated in the form of a panel using a hermetic chamber, which by means of the use of equipment The insulating properties of each block were determined. To validate the proposed tests, a comparison was made between traditional adobe; and the adobe blocks with the addition of plastic bags, which exceeded the insulating properties of the traditional block, both in the faces of the wall, and in the environments. In addition, the acoustic properties were evaluated, which presented favorable results, with a direct relationship with the addition of plastic bags, and achieving a comfortable indoor environment, in the face of external noise. Similarly, the compressive strength of adobes presented higher values than the one stated in the E0.80 standard, but when the percentage of plastic bags increased to 15%, this factor decreased, whereas the adobe block added 10%. of plastic bags presented greater thermal and acoustic insulation capacity; together with a resistance of 12.19 kg /cm2, keeping the three parameters in balance, and complying with the provisions of the regulations, so that it can be applied in future studies.
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    La adición de botellas plásticas PET en la elaboración de bloques alivianados para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Paguay Córdova, Edison Andrés; Guevara Robalino, Jorge Javier
    The present investigation has been carried out with the purpose of knowing the influence that the blocks of work with the plastic have with the temperature and the acoustic conditioning in the middle of a hermetic chamber; for what was done and a dosage was elaborated applying the Optima Density Method for the elaboration of Type B blocks according to the NTE INEN 3066 standard, which served as the basis to elaborate the other dosages with the addition of 15, 25, 50 and 75% of PET plastic replacing the coarse aggregate (Chasqui) and later elaborated type walls of 1.00 mx 0.70 m. As it increases the percentage addition of PET material, the resistance to compression decreases by 4, 12, 30 and 50%, however it is still superior to the traditional artisan block; On the other hand, the more the PET material is added, the better the thermal and acoustic variation in relation to a traditional block and block wall, indicating that the correct addition of the PET material has a significant influence on the temperature control and sound insulation in the environments of a dwelling by not allowing the passage of heat and noise from one environment to another; being the best specimen resulting from the thermal tests the wall made with block with 50% PET and the block wall with 75% PET for the acoustic test.
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    Estudio de la conductividad térmica de residuos sólidos dentro de una matriz de yeso, provenientes del proceso de rebajado del cuero en la empresa Curtiduría Tungurahua S.A.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Barriga Miño, Christian Raúl; Paucar Samaniego, Mayra Alejandra
    This project identified the thermal conductivity of solid residue from the process of thinning of the cowhide isolated on a gypsum matrix, establishing their behavior as an insulating material. Arose as to the parameters for the preparation of hot plate oven as well as for the measurement of the thermal conductivity. Mould of A36 steel due to its low cost and malleability obtaining a plaster or gypsum known model was manufactured, this material has a neutral pH, mechanical, acoustic properties and is non-flammable. The five centimeters thick, was selected what dimensions both the oven and the specimen being its measures 30 x 30 x 5 cm. From solid residue from the process of thinning, was dried in a time of 13 days exposed to the environment and protected from the Sun, with outcomes of a pH not suffered alterations being the value of the wet sample 3.39 and dry sample 3.38 this tells us that the drying process was correct, that the presence of water does not influence on it. The compacted chips of leather, performed during a time of 15 min, optimal time for fibers of adhere one with others, without having to add binders. Matrices were sealed with the same cast and determined its weight in 8.8 lb. Oven began testing of functionality of the hot plate exposed to the environment, to obtain values of temperature and voltage. He oven is developed low the standard ASTM C177-13, complying with the dimensions of them specimens, included the thickness of them guards insulating of the oven being it measure minimum of 7.5 cm. For the operation of the cold plate feeding is direct with water from the network, the volumetric method to determine the required flow rate, with a flow rate of 1.25 l/min, which will allow to maintain a constant temperature in the cold plate. To determine the thermal conductivity he is needed that it may take a time of 40 min, values obtained were compared with research and books used as reference, throwing an error of 2% in the oven, and the thermal conductivity of the matrix containing gypsum of chip of leather which was obtained is 0.589 W/m℃.