Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas con turbina Kaplan para el laboratorio de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Salazar Vera, Pierre Iván; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The project for the design, construction and implementation of a test bench for the analysis of the efficiency of small-scale Kaplan hydraulic turbines arises from the need to take advantage of underutilized water resources in certain areas of the province. This test bench will be in the laboratory of the Civil and Mechanical Engineering faculty, allowing students to understand the operation of Kaplan turbines and their potential to generate electricity from water resources. During the process of building the test stand, significant challenges arose such as leaks in the system and excessive friction between the torque measurement shaft and the turbine. To address these irregularities, additional stopcocks were installed. One of these stopcocks controls the flow rate at the pump outlet, allowing precise experimental adjustments. The second stopcock regulates the pressure within the circuit before the water recirculates to the tank, monitored by a glycerin manometer to measure pressures between 0.5 and 2 PSI. Medical dynamometers strategically placed at the end of the shaft provided accurate torque measurements, revealing values between 0.5 and 1.5 Nm, validating the effectiveness of the mechanical design. After overcoming irregularities and optimizing the components, the test bench was successfully operated in function tests, meeting the established objectives by providing effective flow, pressure and torque measurements. This project represents a significant advance towards the use of renewable energies, making efficient use of local water resources for educational and engineering research purposes.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas que permita determinar la potencia, trabajo y energía para el Laboratorio de Física de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Sandoval Sagal, Marlon Rodrigo; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    This project presents the need to have didactic material for laboratories, specifically in the area of physics, allowing Faculty students to have a tool that facilitates understanding of the topics: work, power and energy of a body. In the present project, the construction of a test bench was carried out, beginning with the creation of the plans with the help of software, for which the materials and measurements of the main components of the machine were taken into consideration, a database of A36 steel as a structure, a Mitsubishi fx1 16MR PLC, an HMI screen, infrared motion sensors, power sources and relays, which together perform the required function of the test bench. Greater interest was paid to the most important input data such as: the masses and the angle of inclination, later 10 tests were carried out varying these data, to start the comparisons the masses were entered at a certain angle, the test was repeated using the same masses with the difference that on this occasion the angle would be zero allowing to compare the data obtained from the test bench and the calculations carried out manually by means of Newtonian physics. At the end of the test bench, it will be delivered to the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, who will make it available to students, ensuring their educational wellbeing.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas de ensayos no destructivos para inspecciones mediante partículas magnéticas fluorescentes (MT) para el Laboratorio de materiales de la Carrera de Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Fuentes Córdova, José Luis; Núñez Maliza, Jesús Alejandro; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Nowadays, the importance of Non-Destructive Testing is reflected in the student field as well as in the educational module taught by the Mechanics career and its application in the national and international industry, a new NDT equipment was provided to the Materials laboratory of the career. For this purpose, an exploratory research was carried out in product data sheets and in the Standard Guide for Magnetic Particles Examination (ASTM E 709 - 21), the equipment was designed, on which the respective calculation and simulation was developed, obtaining a satisfactory modeling for its construction. For the construction of the equipment, processes such as: bending, turning, milling, drilling and SMAW welding were required, in steel A 500 Gr D and ASTM A 36. Regarding the design and construction of the transformer and magnetization system, the Standard Guide ASTM E1444 -15 and ASTM E 709 - 21 were used, establishing a maximum amperage of 1200 A for the Circular and Longitudinal magnetization techniques. Once the construction process of the test bench was completed, its operation was tested by means of its use, in the inspection of several types of specimens by the Circular Magnetization and Longitudinal Magnetization techniques, under the application of the dry and wet fluorescent method. Finally, a manual for the use of the equipment and the development of an instruction manual for the use, storage and maintenance of the suspension of oilbased fluorescent magnetic particles, which is mainly used by the test bench equipment for the development of the inspections, were elaborated.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para determinar las fuerzas que se producen en el movimiento rectilíneo de una partícula para el Laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Altamirano Núñez, José Raúl; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The Technical University of Ambato, needs a test bench to determine the results produced by a force applied at a point, so in this project the design and construction of the same is proposed to determine the forces that are produced in the rectilinear movement of a particle for the laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Career. The project was designed using a computerized design program to see the possible configurations and shapes of the test bench, the selection of each of the components was made, having selected the balances-dynamometers, cables, aluminum profiles, screws and pipeline. With the pipe, the main structure was manufactured according to the developed and approved plans, after assembly it is put into operation and the tests are carried out, taking a control in the data collection to later compare the practical values with the theoretical ones and obtain the error in percent. The project concludes with the manufacture of the test bench and practical data collection, comparison of the theoretical data with the practical data, the error less than 2 percent is defined in all cases, loads of 10, 20 and 30 have been applied. kg at the angles of 30 and 60 degrees, with which we have obtained 6 measurement cases.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas de calentamiento de aire en ductos para el Laboratorio de Energía de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Almeida Almeida, Jhonny Efraín; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    In this technical project, information has been collected on the types of heat exchangers, types of fans, measurement systems, construction materials, heat and temperature analysis, as well as structural stresses and deformations. Subsequently, the support structure, the air ducts and a heat generating coil were designed and built, with the use of analysis methods exposed in specialized books and others such as the selection of alternatives by weighted criteria, specialized software in static analysis and simulation of fluids. Then the measurement and control equipment was assembled with these to finally put into operation the test bench for heating air in ducts by means of steam The air heating system consists of a shell and tube heat exchanger. The steam will be generated by a 2 horsepower boiler steam boiler. To carry out the performance tests, the air temperatures at the outlet of the exchanger have been measured, controlling by means of a regulation damper the amount of mass of air that enters it, from 100 percent = 0.0669 kilograms per second, 75 percent = 0.0502 kilograms per second and 50 percent = 0.0334 kilograms per second, thus taking the temperature variations through two K-type thermocouples placed in the sections of the ducts. And under an analysis of results it was determined that when the incoming air mass is reduced, the air temperature at the outlet of the exchanger increases from 43.01 degrees Celsius, 50.31 degrees Celsius and 65.36 degrees Celsius respectively at the air mass inlet.
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    Automatización de un banco de pruebas para ensayos de inflamabilidad vertical de materiales textiles utilizados en el interior de las carrocerías
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Saquinga Guachamboza, Edisson Daniel; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    The present technical titration project was based on the need to perform vertical flammability tests, to which it is necessary to implement an automated system that allows to adequately controlling the parameters specified in the corresponding standard. This will provide facilities to body manufacturers in the country, as the Ecuadorian technical regulation establishes a requirement for body manufacturers to standardize their units, also considering that the largest percentage of body manufacturers are located in zone three, to which we belong. For the execution of the project began with the revision of ASTM D 6413, which establishes the parameters of construction and operation of the vertical flammability test chamber, which establishes the parameters to control to select the necessary components for the automation of the vertical flammability testing machine. Selected components are proceeded with the assembly of the same and the design of the software that will allow the control of the machine from a computer, in addition to allowing the recording of data of the test performed. To perform the functional tests, five materials used inside the bodies were selected, with which they are sized according to the specifications of the standard used to proceed with the execution of the vertical flammability tests. In this test, the sample is subjected to a flame source of 38 mm in height for a period of 12 seconds, after which the performance data of each of the tested samples is observed and recorded to determine the required flammability index by the Ecuadorian technical regulation, in addition to calculating the carbonization index and post-glare time of each material tested.
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    Automatización de banco de pruebas para ensayos de inflamabilidad de materiales usados en la construcción de interiores de carrocerías
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Chango Guananga, Ángel Oswaldo; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    The present work was in charge of automating the horizontal flammability machine of the laboratories of the Faculty, for which components were selected that allowed to control the different variables such as dosing times, temperatures, air and gas flow (LPG), essential for the generation of a flame height of 38 mm and exposure time of 15 seconds, specified in ISO Standard 3795. A control system was implemented with Arduino, which controls components such as servomotors, electrovalves, thermosensors, ignition systems between others, keeping the variables established above. After carrying out the tests, the proper functioning of the different components of the re-powered machine was verified, achieving optimum tests and determining temperatures and flammability indexes in the materials for the elaboration of internal automotive elements, which cannot be used for non-compliance a specific combustion index, established in Standards ISO 3795, NTE INEN 1323 and 1668.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para ensayos de inflamabilidad vertical de materiales utilizados en el interior de las carrocerías
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Cabrera Valencia, Alvaro Fabricio; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The present technical work is based on the study of behavior of materials against fire, to calculate the index of vertical inflammation of the textile materials used inside the bodywork, this study has the need to know the index of inflammation. It is a requirement that bodywork companies must have to be qualified by the Ecuadorian INEN standard. For the fulfillment of this it started by an investigation to know which were the main textile materials that are used in the bodywork. Then, we proceeded to the use of ASTM D6413 Norm, materials and supplies necessary for the design and construction of the vertical chamber, with this design and following the guidelines of the standard of the Norm, the flammability test was done. Once the vertical inflammation test has been carried out, procedures to establish for the most appropriate textile materials for use inside bodywork, in order to guarantee the greatest possible safety in the event of the presence of fire inside it or in case of having a body fire.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para ensayos de inflamabilidad de materiales usados en la construcción de interiores de carrocerías
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Chasi Toapanta, Luis Roberto; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    The objective of this project is the design and construction of a test bench for flammability tests of materials used in the construction of bodywork interiors, for the development of the technical project the ISO 3795 standard was used, and other sources of information such as the FMVSS 302 standard, which clearly details the parameters that must be followed for the construction of the test bench. Within the development of the technical project a theoretical framework was developed according to the needs of the subject, detailing relevant topics such as the principles of fire science, materials used in the construction of body interiors, materials used for the construction of the test bench, welding and manufacturing processes for the construction of the equipment. The parameters, requirements and conditions prescribed by ISO 3795 and FMVSS 302, helped to delimit the criteria for the selection of the type of fuel to be used, the selection of the Bunsen burner that will provide the ignition source and the materials to be used in accordance to the service conditions to which the material flammability test bench will be subjected. For the correct use of the test bench it is recommended to read the operation and maintenance manuals before using the equipment, in order to contribute to the duration in excellent condition of the equipment throughout its useful life.
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    Estudio del flujo de agua para generar reportes de práctica en el tablero de fluídos del laboratorio de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2011) Vargas Pico, Edison Germán; Valencia Vargas, Susana Elizabeth
    Se tomaron datos en las guías de prácticas con varios valores de presión de caudal para comparar los tiempos de llenado, tanto del tablero de fluidos análogo como con el mismo ya modificado, y mejorar los mismos. La modificación del equipo consistió en colocar dos sensores de nivel en el tanque de llenado, los mismos que se encargan de encender y apagar la bomba de forma automática, contralando con más precisión estos tiempos. También se instaló una electroválvula en la parte de retorno para que el fluido regrese al tanque inicial únicamente por gravedad, y así suprimir el trabajo riguroso y pesado que tenía que realizar el operario del equipo. Mediante las experimentaciones del flujo de agua realizadas en el tablero de fluidos de laboratorio de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, se observo claramente que se corrigieron los reportes de práctica en tiempos de llenado, mediante la comparación de datos que se obtuvieron en los ensayos. Esto va a satisfacer la necesidad tanto de profesores como alumnos para realizar prácticas con el equipo. Se concluyó que al facilitar la manipulación del equipo y mejorar los tiempos de desarrollo de los ensayos, esto va a satisfacer la necesidad tanto de profesores como alumnos para realizar prácticas con el dispositivo.