Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.CONVECCIÓN

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    Análisis de parámetros técnicos para mejora de eficiencia en quemadores de tubo radiante de un paso
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Nuñez Chadán, Romel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    This study explores the variation of technical parameters that enhance the efficiency of a single-pass radiant tube burner. The parameters considered in this analysis include secondary air temperature, gas travel length, and the presence of a static mixer, aiming to evaluate their impact on flame characteristics, energy performance, and temperature distribution. The adopted methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, utilizing measurement equipment such as a thermal imaging camera and a gas analyzer. The results indicate that the flame with preheated air at 90 degrees reaches a maximum temperature of 251.7 degrees, while the incorporation of the static mixer allows for a maximum temperature of 233.4 degrees. Reducing the gas travel length to 0.75 meters identifies a stable mid-radiant zone of 0.25 meters, with maximum temperatures ranging from 385 degrees to 465 degrees, achieved at 11 minutes. In terms of thermal efficiency, a useful energy output of 1.36 kW was obtained, with losses of 0.94 kW through flue gases, 0.147 kW through the walls, 0.0368 kW due to unburned solids, and other losses of 0.41 kW. This results in a thermal efficiency of 46.89 percent, compared to the 61.72 percent recorded in previous studies. The reduction in thermal efficiency can be attributed to the combination of the evaluated parameters, suggesting that while flame characteristics improve with air preheating and the metallic insert, the reduced gas travel length increases heat distribution, ultimately limiting overall performance.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de horno de convección forzada con una capacidad de 5 kg para la industria panificadora
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Núñez Arroba, Ariel Patricio; Villacís Verdezoto, Joel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The bakery industry is faced with the need to increase production speed due to society's growing demand for bakery products. In this context, forced convection ovens have proven to be a more efficient solution compared to static ovens, offering efficiency comparable to that of rotary ovens. A prototype of a forced convection oven was designed and built for the Rico Pan bakery, located in the parish of Santa Rosa. Both the static and dynamic mechanical elements of the oven were made of AISI 430 stainless steel due to its resistance to corrosion, guaranteeing durability and reliability. The oven includes fans that generate forced convection, allowing a homogeneous distribution of heat and, therefore, uniform baking of the products. The oven capacity is 5 kg of product and has a useful interior volume of 0.24 cubic meters, managing to operate efficiently in a temperature range of 125 to 180 degrees Celsius for a time of 20 to 25 minutes, ensuring thermal stability. As a result, in the operating tests, negligible levels of carbon monoxide were detected, which is a positive indicator for both human consumption and environmental impact, however, certain areas were found inside the furnace chamber where there are energy losses, for this reason, in terms of efficiency, the system reached 29.62 percent, which is optimal for this type of operation.
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    Análisis de parámetros de combustión en prototipo de quemador radiante de GLP experimental sin recuperación y su influencia sobre el aprovechamiento energético
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Llamuca Paguay, Jonathan Alexis; Velastegui Quisimalin, Lizbeth Carolina; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    This project proposes the variation of combustion parameters as fuel pressure and injector design in an experimental LPG radiant burner prototype without recovery, to determine its influence on: energy using, flame parameters and temperature distribution in the radiant tube. The methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, using this measurement instruments: thermographic camera and gas analyzer. The characteristics prototype are 1.79kW power, length 1.1m, tube diameter 0.10m and injector diameter 0.5mm. The energy using includes: heat transfer 0.59 kW by natural convection and 1.05kW by radiation, losses 0.98 kW by combustion gases, 0.0918 kW by convection in walls and 0.037 kW in unburned solids, this represents a thermal efficiency between 43 and 62 percent. A real combustion reaction with 127 percent of theoretical air is proposed, which allowed identifying a radiant medium zone with thermal stability of 0.45 m length and maximum temperatures between 320 to 460 Celsius degrees reached in 660 seconds (11 min) approximately. An analysis with a bidimensional model for the internal gas flow was applied to simulate the behavior of temperature, density, velocity, and particle trajectory.