Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Start date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.BANCO DE PRUEBAS

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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas con turbina Kaplan para el laboratorio de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Salazar Vera, Pierre Iván; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The project for the design, construction and implementation of a test bench for the analysis of the efficiency of small-scale Kaplan hydraulic turbines arises from the need to take advantage of underutilized water resources in certain areas of the province. This test bench will be in the laboratory of the Civil and Mechanical Engineering faculty, allowing students to understand the operation of Kaplan turbines and their potential to generate electricity from water resources. During the process of building the test stand, significant challenges arose such as leaks in the system and excessive friction between the torque measurement shaft and the turbine. To address these irregularities, additional stopcocks were installed. One of these stopcocks controls the flow rate at the pump outlet, allowing precise experimental adjustments. The second stopcock regulates the pressure within the circuit before the water recirculates to the tank, monitored by a glycerin manometer to measure pressures between 0.5 and 2 PSI. Medical dynamometers strategically placed at the end of the shaft provided accurate torque measurements, revealing values between 0.5 and 1.5 Nm, validating the effectiveness of the mechanical design. After overcoming irregularities and optimizing the components, the test bench was successfully operated in function tests, meeting the established objectives by providing effective flow, pressure and torque measurements. This project represents a significant advance towards the use of renewable energies, making efficient use of local water resources for educational and engineering research purposes.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas que permita determinar la potencia, trabajo y energía para el Laboratorio de Física de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Sandoval Sagal, Marlon Rodrigo; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    This project presents the need to have didactic material for laboratories, specifically in the area of physics, allowing Faculty students to have a tool that facilitates understanding of the topics: work, power and energy of a body. In the present project, the construction of a test bench was carried out, beginning with the creation of the plans with the help of software, for which the materials and measurements of the main components of the machine were taken into consideration, a database of A36 steel as a structure, a Mitsubishi fx1 16MR PLC, an HMI screen, infrared motion sensors, power sources and relays, which together perform the required function of the test bench. Greater interest was paid to the most important input data such as: the masses and the angle of inclination, later 10 tests were carried out varying these data, to start the comparisons the masses were entered at a certain angle, the test was repeated using the same masses with the difference that on this occasion the angle would be zero allowing to compare the data obtained from the test bench and the calculations carried out manually by means of Newtonian physics. At the end of the test bench, it will be delivered to the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, who will make it available to students, ensuring their educational wellbeing.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas de ensayos no destructivos para inspecciones mediante partículas magnéticas fluorescentes (MT) para el Laboratorio de materiales de la Carrera de Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Fuentes Córdova, José Luis; Núñez Maliza, Jesús Alejandro; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Nowadays, the importance of Non-Destructive Testing is reflected in the student field as well as in the educational module taught by the Mechanics career and its application in the national and international industry, a new NDT equipment was provided to the Materials laboratory of the career. For this purpose, an exploratory research was carried out in product data sheets and in the Standard Guide for Magnetic Particles Examination (ASTM E 709 - 21), the equipment was designed, on which the respective calculation and simulation was developed, obtaining a satisfactory modeling for its construction. For the construction of the equipment, processes such as: bending, turning, milling, drilling and SMAW welding were required, in steel A 500 Gr D and ASTM A 36. Regarding the design and construction of the transformer and magnetization system, the Standard Guide ASTM E1444 -15 and ASTM E 709 - 21 were used, establishing a maximum amperage of 1200 A for the Circular and Longitudinal magnetization techniques. Once the construction process of the test bench was completed, its operation was tested by means of its use, in the inspection of several types of specimens by the Circular Magnetization and Longitudinal Magnetization techniques, under the application of the dry and wet fluorescent method. Finally, a manual for the use of the equipment and the development of an instruction manual for the use, storage and maintenance of the suspension of oilbased fluorescent magnetic particles, which is mainly used by the test bench equipment for the development of the inspections, were elaborated.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para determinar las fuerzas que se producen en el movimiento rectilíneo de una partícula para el Laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Altamirano Núñez, José Raúl; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The Technical University of Ambato, needs a test bench to determine the results produced by a force applied at a point, so in this project the design and construction of the same is proposed to determine the forces that are produced in the rectilinear movement of a particle for the laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Career. The project was designed using a computerized design program to see the possible configurations and shapes of the test bench, the selection of each of the components was made, having selected the balances-dynamometers, cables, aluminum profiles, screws and pipeline. With the pipe, the main structure was manufactured according to the developed and approved plans, after assembly it is put into operation and the tests are carried out, taking a control in the data collection to later compare the practical values with the theoretical ones and obtain the error in percent. The project concludes with the manufacture of the test bench and practical data collection, comparison of the theoretical data with the practical data, the error less than 2 percent is defined in all cases, loads of 10, 20 and 30 have been applied. kg at the angles of 30 and 60 degrees, with which we have obtained 6 measurement cases.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas de calentamiento de aire en ductos para el Laboratorio de Energía de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Almeida Almeida, Jhonny Efraín; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    In this technical project, information has been collected on the types of heat exchangers, types of fans, measurement systems, construction materials, heat and temperature analysis, as well as structural stresses and deformations. Subsequently, the support structure, the air ducts and a heat generating coil were designed and built, with the use of analysis methods exposed in specialized books and others such as the selection of alternatives by weighted criteria, specialized software in static analysis and simulation of fluids. Then the measurement and control equipment was assembled with these to finally put into operation the test bench for heating air in ducts by means of steam The air heating system consists of a shell and tube heat exchanger. The steam will be generated by a 2 horsepower boiler steam boiler. To carry out the performance tests, the air temperatures at the outlet of the exchanger have been measured, controlling by means of a regulation damper the amount of mass of air that enters it, from 100 percent = 0.0669 kilograms per second, 75 percent = 0.0502 kilograms per second and 50 percent = 0.0334 kilograms per second, thus taking the temperature variations through two K-type thermocouples placed in the sections of the ducts. And under an analysis of results it was determined that when the incoming air mass is reduced, the air temperature at the outlet of the exchanger increases from 43.01 degrees Celsius, 50.31 degrees Celsius and 65.36 degrees Celsius respectively at the air mass inlet.