Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño y construcción de una cortadora de cilindros de hormigón para el laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Jacome Guerrero, José Joaquin; Peña Jordán, Francisco JavierThis technical project deals with the design and construction of a concrete cylinder cutting machine for the laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department of the Technical University of Ambato. This project was carried out taking into account the lack of a machine that is static in the first instance because cutting with manual machines presents a high risk of accidents. This equipment is designed as static in order to reduce accidents associated with the use of manual tools and to improve cutting accuracy, a crucial factor for quality testing of concrete specimens. The development of this project was based on previous research, ergonomic analysis, technical standards as well as ASTM C39 for design and functionality verification, among these are main features such as perpendicularity and flatness, highlighting the use of diamond disc of special diameter for cutting cores of 16 cm, 3Hp low speed electric motor and a robust structure of ASTM A36 steel with an anticorrosive coating, prioritizing the ergonomic design of the table ensuring user comfort at the time of use. It included the selection of materials, CAD software assisted design and performance simulations in terms of stresses and behaviors of critical elements, as well as welding joints to ensure a better result at the time of construction, functionality and efficiency improving the quality of cutting and optimization in the time of this, minimizing the risk of students.Item Valoración de la resistencia a flexión de hormigón reforzado con fibra de caña de azúcar y yute(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Mena Alomoto, Angie Patricia; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethConstruction industries are among the most responsible for global environmental pollution, the extraction and processing of raw material for concrete generates amounts of energy (CO2), the commonly used reinforcement is steel and the industries produce an amount of greenhouse gases and solid waste that pollute the air and water quality. This experimental work seeks to offer an environmentally friendly alternative for the reinforcement of concrete using natural fibers and analyzed the effect on the flexural strength, we began by carrying out a survey of the production of sugar cane and jute in Ecuador, to understand the geographical distribution and production volumes in the provinces, In addition, traditional concrete beams and beams with sugar cane and jute fibers in longitudinal and transverse direction with thickness of 6 millimeters and 3 millimeters were elaborated, and the results were compared between these beams, also the type of failures that are produced and how the fibers contribute to the pathologies were observed. It is shown then that the concrete beams with jute fibers in longitudinal direction and with a thickness of 3 millimeters present a higher resistance than the standard concrete, while the cane fibers maintained the resistance within the minimum range of the traditional concrete and the deformations of the jute fibers are lower than those of the standard concrete, helping to reduce the failures in the whole section of the beam.Item Resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple fabricado con agregado fino proveniente de hormigones reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Salinas Freire, Bryan Paúl; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe integration of recycled materials in the manufacture of concrete is presented as a viable alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of the construction industry. In this study, we seek to determine the optimal percentage of substitution of recycled fine aggregate in concrete in place of natural fine aggregate, focus ing on evaluating its impact on compressive strength. The recycled material was obtained from a crushing process of laboratory specimens, sidewalk debris and curbs; both recycled aggregate and natural aggregates were subjected to analysis according to INEN standards, then the design of concrete dosages of 210 kg/cm2 and 240 kg/cm2 was carried out using the Optimal Density Method developed by the Central University of Ecuador. Subsequently, reference specimens were prepared using natural materials to compare their resistance with specimens in which the natural fine aggregate was replaced by recycled fine aggregate in percentages of 10, 15, 30, 30, 60 and 100 percent. The results show that there is a decrease in the compressive strength as the percentage of recycled fine aggregate increases. However, it is observed that replacement percentages of 10 to 30 percent can provide acceptable compressive strengths. This highli ghts the potential of recycled materials for concrete manufacturing as a promising solution to reduce environmental impact, provided that their limitations are considered.Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado fino en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Morejón Ortiz, Anthony Xavier; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaConcrete, known for its wide use in construction, is distinguished by its high compressive strength. However, certain elements, such as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate, can vary this strength. This research addresses how variation in fine aggregate size influences the compressive strength of plain concrete. This project studies the variations in the properties of aggregates with the sizes of #4, #8, #16, #30, #50 and #100 sieves to produce concrete according to NTE INEN standards. To obtain the dosage, the optimum density method of the Central University of Ecuador was used, varying according to the size and properties of the fine aggregate. Two strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2 were considered, then 54 cylindrical specimens of simple concrete were prepared for each strength, 9 specimens for each nominal size of the fine aggregate, which were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. To ensure control, 3 specimens were tested at each curing time interval and accurate information was obtained to correlate the achieved compressive strength of the plain concrete with respect to the nominal size of the fine aggregate. The results reveal a progressive decrease in compressive strength as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate is reduced, manifesting itself noticeably in the final strength at 28 days of curing. Likewise, variations in the properties of the finer aggregate are observed.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón tradicional con hormigón al emplear biomasa natural torrefactada(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-02) Miranda Rogel, María Fernanda; Frías Torres, Alex XavierIn order to make the most of renewable resources and innovate concrete with unusual materials, this experimental work included the production of a traditional conventional concrete and a concrete with the addition of natural biomass ash torrefied in 5, 10, 15 and 25 percent for your comparison. Laboratory tests of all the aggregates that make up the concrete mixture were carried out, being of granulometry, specific weight and absorption capacity. Once the properties of the aggregates were determined, the dosage was carried out using the Optimal Density method, where the elaboration of 45 cylindrical specimens was included, the same ones that were evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days of age. Once the concrete specimens were made, the real density was analyzed in the fresh state and in the hardened state, later the compressive strength was determined, verifying how the torrefied natural biomass influences the properties of the concrete. The results obtained showed that the densities were optimal since they were within the ranges established for ordinary concrete; In terms of compressive strength, the addition of torrefied natural biomass increased at early ages in certain percentages much more than traditional concrete. Finally, the concrete that had a higher resistance to compression was the concrete with the addition of 10 percent of natural biomass, demonstrating an improvement in the resistance to compression without losing the properties that characterize a concrete that is of good quality.Item Determinación del porcentaje óptimo de vidrio granular como aditivo en la mezcla de hormigón y su influencia en la resistencia a compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Carranza Castro, Milton Alexander; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe investigation of new components used in concrete mixtures addresses an arid element, recycled glass as an additive to minimize the impact that the concrete industry produces on the environment, costs related to raw materials for construction, innovation through of the reuse of these materials, where at the same time the volume of waste generated both at home and industrial level is reduced, causing social and ecological benefits. In the present experimental work, the optimal percentage of granular glass as an additive in the concrete mixture and its influence on the compressive strength were determined. The stone materials (gravel and sand) were acquired from the Anzu Mine located in the Tena ty, Puerto Napo Parish, the tests of the INEN and ASTM standards were carried out on the fine and coarse aggregate in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics; Likewise, the dosage was carried out by the Optimum Density Method for a design resistance to compression of 210 kilograms per square centimeter at 7, 14 and 28 days of age, adding to the mixture percentages of granular glass ranging from 1 to 5 percent according to the weight of the solid materials (gravel, sand, cement), specimens without granular glass were also made for the control and comparison of the compressive strength, the price of the cylinders with and without the additive was also paid. . It was identified that 5 percent is the optimum percentage, giving a compressive strength of 218.77 kilograms per square centimeter at 28 days of age, which is 104.17 percent of the design strength.Item La resistencia a la compresión del hormigón y su influencia en el módulo de elasticidad estático en el cantón Tena, provincia de Napo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Valle Valle, David Alexander; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe present report consists of determining a formula for the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity based on the compressive strength of the concrete obtained with the use of aggregates acquired in quarries located in the Province of Napo, Canton Tena. For this purpose, tests were carried out to determine the properties and characteristics of the aggregates from the "Planta de Asfalto GAD Municipal de Tena" and the "Venecia 38" mine. Once the necessary data had been obtained, the Optimum Density method was applied to design the concrete mix to meet the specified strength of 24 MPa at the age of 28 days and subsequently concrete specimens of 10 cm diameter x 20 cm high were made using type IP hydraulic cement, without additives. By means of simple compression tests performed at 28 days of concrete maturity and in accordance with ASTM C469, the Moduli of Elasticity corresponding to the specimens previously selected for the test were obtained and a comparison was made with the Moduli of Elasticity calculated with the equations established by ACI 318 and ACI 363. Finally, practical equations are proposed that allow the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity of concrete as a function of its strength for concrete made with aggregates from the "Planta de Asfalto GAD Municipal de Tena" and the "Venecia 38" mine.Item Análisis de la influencia de la velocidad de carga, curado y tamaño del espécimen en la resistencia cilíndrica a compresión del hormigón(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Freire Ocaña, Jazmina Beatriz; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaThis experimental work analyzes the influence of the application of different loading rates, types of curing and specimen size on the values of cylindrical compressive strength at ages 7, 14 and 28 days. For this purpose, aggregates were acquired from the Salvador Quarry located in the city of Ambato - Aguaján sector and Type GU Cement for subsequent characterization tests according to INEN and ASTM standards, then the dosage was carried out applying the Optimum Density Method for a concrete with a design strength of 210 kilograms over square centimeters. With the final dosage, 63 specimens were prepared to determine their properties in fresh and hardened state depending on the variables to be applied in each one of them. Regarding the results obtained for compressive strength at 28 days, at a speed of 0.475 MPa/s an increase of 7.07 percent was obtained, while for a speed of 0.025 MPa/s there was a decrease of 5.22 percent of the strength obtained at the standard speed. On the other hand, specimens not subjected to a curing process reach 86.15 percent of the compressive strength acquired by the specimens that were cured. Finally, with respect to specimen size, it was determined that 100x200 mm specimens acquired 8.88 percent more strength than 150x300 mm specimens.Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión, fabricado con materiales de las minas: Comanche Uno y Comanche Dos, ubicadas en el cantón Palora, provincia de Morona Santiago(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) López Kayuk, Lizbeth Aracely; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoThis experimental work began with a visual inspection and sampling of fine and coarse aggregates from the "Comanche Uno" and "Comanche Dos" mines, continuing with the process, a reduction to test size was carried out. Once the samples were obtained, the characterization tests of the aggregates began in the laboratory with the aim of knowing their physical-mechanical properties and with the data obtained designing the concrete mixtures, using the method of optimum density for compressive strength. at 28 days of age at 21 and 24 MPa. To continue with the process, cylindrical specimens were made, simultaneously with this process tests were carried out on fresh concrete, as well as: determination of settlement, density, performance and air content. Tests were also carried out on the concrete in the hardened state, such as the determination of the compressive strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age and the test for the determination of the static elasticity modulus, which is carried out at 28 days old. The static modulus of elasticity was determined experimentally in accordance with ASTM C469 and theoretically in accordance with ACI 318. To conclude with the experimental work, the analysis and comparison of results was carried out.