Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis De La Resistencia A Compresión Del Hormigón Empleando Ceniza De Caña De Azúcar Como Sustitución Parcial De Agregado Fino Del 2.5%, 3.5% Y 4.5% Para Determinar Su Cantidad Optima(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-01) Arias Vaca Esteban Benjamín; Arellano Yasaca Diana Victoria; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis research analyzed the compressive strength of 210 kg/cm² concrete through the partial substitution of fine aggregate with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) at proportions of 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5%. The quantitative and experimental study evaluated the mechanical behavior of 36 cylindrical specimens tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The methodology included the chemical and physical characterization of materials, mix design according to ACI 211.1, and a controlled calcination process of the ash (600°C ± 50°C). Results demonstrated that the 2.5% SCBA substitution optimizes mechanical behavior, reaching a compressive strength of 267.31 kg/cm² at 28 days, representing an increase of 1.37% compared to the control mix. Statistical analysis (Welch ANOVA and Tukey's test) confirmed that, while all dosages achieved the design compressive strength (f'c), the 2.5% concentration was statistically equivalent to the control and superior to the remaining mixes. It was concluded that sugarcane bagasse ash acts through a dual mechanism: a filler effect, which densifies the granular skeleton, and pozzolanic reactivity, confirmed by an oxide content of 87.92% (SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃). A substitution of 2.5% is recommended as the optimal dosage to improve concrete strength, simultaneously contributing to agroindustrial waste management and mitigating the scarcity of natural aggregates.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión y resistencia a flexión del hormigón convencional f’c = 210 kg/cm2 y el hormigón con adición de fibras de totora(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-01) Cunalata Gallardo Valeria Abigail; Ureña Aguirre Maritza Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe present research aimed to comparatively analyze the compressive strength and flexural strength of conventional concrete f'c = 210 kg/cm² and concrete with the addition of natural bulrush fibers (Schoenoplectus californicus). The study arises from the need to develop sustainable construction materials that can improve certain mechanical properties of concrete by utilizing natural resources available in Ecuador. The methodology employed was quantitative and experimental. Standard concrete mixes and mixes with the addition of bulrush fiber in percentages of 0.50%, 1.00%, and 1.50% relative to the volume of the mix were prepared. Previously, the physical and mechanical characterization of the constituent materials was carried out in accordance with the NTE INEN, ASTM, and ACI standards. Subsequently, cylindrical and prismatic specimens were manufactured, which were subjected to compression and flexural tests at ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results allowed for the identification of the influence of bulrush fiber on the mechanical behavior of concrete. It was observed that the incorporation of fiber at 0.50% generates improvements in flexural strength due to the bridging effect of cracks and redistribution of stresses within the cementitious matrix. However, high increases in fiber content can lead to reductions in compressive strength due to the formation of voids, compaction difficulties, and increased water demand. Finally, it was determined that bulrush fiber constitutes a viable alternative for applications where flexural strength and environmental sustainability are relevant factors.Item Análisis experimental del uso de agua potable y agua de mar de pedernales, provincia de Manabí en la mezcla de hormigón para determinar su influencia en la resistencia a compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-20) Vargas Vilca Rebeca Stefany; Pérez Maldonado Ruth Lorena; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe present experimental work analyzes the influence of using seawater from Pedernales as an alternative to potable water in concrete production, specifically evaluating its effect on compressive strength for two design strengths: 210 kg/cm² and 240 kg/cm². The research was carried out through the manufacturing of cylindrical specimens, cured and tested at 7 and 28 days, considering the impact of chlorides and dissolved salts present in seawater on the mechanical behavior of the material. The tests performed show that at 7 days, the mixtures prepared with seawater exhibit a slight increase in initial strength, attributable to the possible accelerating effect of chloride ions during the early stages of cement hydration. However, at 28 days— the critical age for structural evaluation— a significant decrease in compressive strength was recorded, with losses ranging between approximately 10% and 13%, compared to mixtures prepared with potable water. These results indicate that although seawater may enhance initial setting and early strength development, it does not allow the concrete to reach the required final strength, affecting its microstructure and limiting its use in structural elements. Consequently, the use of seawater as mixing water is not recommended for structural concrete due to the observed reduction in strength and the potential risk of long-term deterioration. Nevertheless, its use could be considered in non-structural applications or in scenarios where water resources are scarce, always under strict technical criteria. This study highlights the importance of evaluating sustainable alternatives in concrete production, demonstrating that the choice of mixing water has a direct and decisive impact on the mechanical properties of the material.Item Predicción de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple de resistencias normales usando Redes Neuronales Artificiales Feed Forward(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-16) Sánchez Guanotasig Denis Stiven; Viscaíno Cuzco Mayra Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe purpose of this experimental work was to develop a predictive model capable of estimating the compressive strength of plain concrete with normal strengths using feed-forward artificial neural networks. The research is based on the need for alternatives to traditional destructive testing methods, which require lengthy periods to obtain reliable results. To address this problem, the construction of an efficient predictive model was proposed, trained with physical and mechanical variables of materials commonly used in concrete production. The methodology was developed in three main phases: data collection and cleaning, selection of representative variables, design of neural network architectures, and evaluation of the performance of different models using statistical metrics. For this purpose, four datasets were constructed based on characteristics such as aggregate fineness, loose and compacted densities, moisture and absorption percentages, slump, nominal maximum size, and optimum mix properties. Subsequently, various combinations of activation functions (tanh, sigmoid, relu, and identity) and configurations with different numbers of hidden layers were implemented to identify the best balance between computational complexity and predictive capacity. Among the ten models evaluated, the RNA-FF-Comb.9 configuration was selected as the final model. This configuration consists of nine hidden layers, with the tanh function in the input layer, sigmoid in the hidden layers, and identity in the output layer. This model exhibited superior performance compared to previous studies and the other architectures tested, achieving significant metrics: R² = 0.89, MSE = 235.40 (kg/cm²)², MAE = 11.16 kg/cm², and MAPE = 5.26%, demonstrating good accuracy in predicting f’c. Furthermore, when using databases segmented by curing ages (7, 14, and 28 days), outstanding values were obtained at 7 days (MAPE = 5.10%), although a considerable increase in error was observed at 14 days (MAPE = 39.54%), attributable to the low representativeness of available data for that age. The results obtained demonstrate that the RNA-FF-Comb.9 model is an effective tool, capable of reliably predicting the compressive strength of concrete based on physical and mechanical variables of previously characterized materials. Its implementation in the construction field would allow for optimized analysis times, reduced destructive testing, and improved decision-making during concrete design and quality control.Item Diseño y construcción de una cortadora de cilindros de hormigón para el laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Jacome Guerrero, José Joaquin; Peña Jordán, Francisco JavierThis technical project deals with the design and construction of a concrete cylinder cutting machine for the laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department of the Technical University of Ambato. This project was carried out taking into account the lack of a machine that is static in the first instance because cutting with manual machines presents a high risk of accidents. This equipment is designed as static in order to reduce accidents associated with the use of manual tools and to improve cutting accuracy, a crucial factor for quality testing of concrete specimens. The development of this project was based on previous research, ergonomic analysis, technical standards as well as ASTM C39 for design and functionality verification, among these are main features such as perpendicularity and flatness, highlighting the use of diamond disc of special diameter for cutting cores of 16 cm, 3Hp low speed electric motor and a robust structure of ASTM A36 steel with an anticorrosive coating, prioritizing the ergonomic design of the table ensuring user comfort at the time of use. It included the selection of materials, CAD software assisted design and performance simulations in terms of stresses and behaviors of critical elements, as well as welding joints to ensure a better result at the time of construction, functionality and efficiency improving the quality of cutting and optimization in the time of this, minimizing the risk of students.Item Valoración de la resistencia a flexión de hormigón reforzado con fibra de caña de azúcar y yute(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Mena Alomoto, Angie Patricia; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethConstruction industries are among the most responsible for global environmental pollution, the extraction and processing of raw material for concrete generates amounts of energy (CO2), the commonly used reinforcement is steel and the industries produce an amount of greenhouse gases and solid waste that pollute the air and water quality. This experimental work seeks to offer an environmentally friendly alternative for the reinforcement of concrete using natural fibers and analyzed the effect on the flexural strength, we began by carrying out a survey of the production of sugar cane and jute in Ecuador, to understand the geographical distribution and production volumes in the provinces, In addition, traditional concrete beams and beams with sugar cane and jute fibers in longitudinal and transverse direction with thickness of 6 millimeters and 3 millimeters were elaborated, and the results were compared between these beams, also the type of failures that are produced and how the fibers contribute to the pathologies were observed. It is shown then that the concrete beams with jute fibers in longitudinal direction and with a thickness of 3 millimeters present a higher resistance than the standard concrete, while the cane fibers maintained the resistance within the minimum range of the traditional concrete and the deformations of the jute fibers are lower than those of the standard concrete, helping to reduce the failures in the whole section of the beam.Item Resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple fabricado con agregado fino proveniente de hormigones reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Salinas Freire, Bryan Paúl; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe integration of recycled materials in the manufacture of concrete is presented as a viable alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of the construction industry. In this study, we seek to determine the optimal percentage of substitution of recycled fine aggregate in concrete in place of natural fine aggregate, focus ing on evaluating its impact on compressive strength. The recycled material was obtained from a crushing process of laboratory specimens, sidewalk debris and curbs; both recycled aggregate and natural aggregates were subjected to analysis according to INEN standards, then the design of concrete dosages of 210 kg/cm2 and 240 kg/cm2 was carried out using the Optimal Density Method developed by the Central University of Ecuador. Subsequently, reference specimens were prepared using natural materials to compare their resistance with specimens in which the natural fine aggregate was replaced by recycled fine aggregate in percentages of 10, 15, 30, 30, 60 and 100 percent. The results show that there is a decrease in the compressive strength as the percentage of recycled fine aggregate increases. However, it is observed that replacement percentages of 10 to 30 percent can provide acceptable compressive strengths. This highli ghts the potential of recycled materials for concrete manufacturing as a promising solution to reduce environmental impact, provided that their limitations are considered.Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado fino en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Morejón Ortiz, Anthony Xavier; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaConcrete, known for its wide use in construction, is distinguished by its high compressive strength. However, certain elements, such as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate, can vary this strength. This research addresses how variation in fine aggregate size influences the compressive strength of plain concrete. This project studies the variations in the properties of aggregates with the sizes of #4, #8, #16, #30, #50 and #100 sieves to produce concrete according to NTE INEN standards. To obtain the dosage, the optimum density method of the Central University of Ecuador was used, varying according to the size and properties of the fine aggregate. Two strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2 were considered, then 54 cylindrical specimens of simple concrete were prepared for each strength, 9 specimens for each nominal size of the fine aggregate, which were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. To ensure control, 3 specimens were tested at each curing time interval and accurate information was obtained to correlate the achieved compressive strength of the plain concrete with respect to the nominal size of the fine aggregate. The results reveal a progressive decrease in compressive strength as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate is reduced, manifesting itself noticeably in the final strength at 28 days of curing. Likewise, variations in the properties of the finer aggregate are observed.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón tradicional con hormigón al emplear biomasa natural torrefactada(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-02) Miranda Rogel, María Fernanda; Frías Torres, Alex XavierIn order to make the most of renewable resources and innovate concrete with unusual materials, this experimental work included the production of a traditional conventional concrete and a concrete with the addition of natural biomass ash torrefied in 5, 10, 15 and 25 percent for your comparison. Laboratory tests of all the aggregates that make up the concrete mixture were carried out, being of granulometry, specific weight and absorption capacity. Once the properties of the aggregates were determined, the dosage was carried out using the Optimal Density method, where the elaboration of 45 cylindrical specimens was included, the same ones that were evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days of age. Once the concrete specimens were made, the real density was analyzed in the fresh state and in the hardened state, later the compressive strength was determined, verifying how the torrefied natural biomass influences the properties of the concrete. The results obtained showed that the densities were optimal since they were within the ranges established for ordinary concrete; In terms of compressive strength, the addition of torrefied natural biomass increased at early ages in certain percentages much more than traditional concrete. Finally, the concrete that had a higher resistance to compression was the concrete with the addition of 10 percent of natural biomass, demonstrating an improvement in the resistance to compression without losing the properties that characterize a concrete that is of good quality.Item Determinación del porcentaje óptimo de vidrio granular como aditivo en la mezcla de hormigón y su influencia en la resistencia a compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Carranza Castro, Milton Alexander; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe investigation of new components used in concrete mixtures addresses an arid element, recycled glass as an additive to minimize the impact that the concrete industry produces on the environment, costs related to raw materials for construction, innovation through of the reuse of these materials, where at the same time the volume of waste generated both at home and industrial level is reduced, causing social and ecological benefits. In the present experimental work, the optimal percentage of granular glass as an additive in the concrete mixture and its influence on the compressive strength were determined. The stone materials (gravel and sand) were acquired from the Anzu Mine located in the Tena ty, Puerto Napo Parish, the tests of the INEN and ASTM standards were carried out on the fine and coarse aggregate in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics; Likewise, the dosage was carried out by the Optimum Density Method for a design resistance to compression of 210 kilograms per square centimeter at 7, 14 and 28 days of age, adding to the mixture percentages of granular glass ranging from 1 to 5 percent according to the weight of the solid materials (gravel, sand, cement), specimens without granular glass were also made for the control and comparison of the compressive strength, the price of the cylinders with and without the additive was also paid. . It was identified that 5 percent is the optimum percentage, giving a compressive strength of 218.77 kilograms per square centimeter at 28 days of age, which is 104.17 percent of the design strength.