Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Desarrollo de una aplicación computacional para el análisis de estructuras utilizando elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Yugcha Chango, Alex Adrian; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis project addresses the growing need for tools that enable the efficient and pedagogical resolution of complex structural problems, given the complexity of current commercial solutions. By facilitating the learning of the finite element method, it aims to promote an understanding of the fundamentals of structural analysis and their application to real-world problems. Additionally, it focuses on offering an interactive experience that fosters the development of skills for solving complex problems in both academic and professional settings. An application was designed using matrix calculation algorithms in Python, complemented by specialized libraries of this programming language to handle matrices, generate visualizations, and produce detailed reports. Validation was carried out through experimental tests and comparisons with specialized software, analyzing practical cases of bar structures, trusses, and frames. Simultaneously, bibliographic references were consulted to support the mathematical formulation and the design of the graphical interface, ensuring that users can understand and replicate the calculations performed by the program. The results obtained demonstrate that the application is capable of accurately calculating stiffness matrices, nodal displacements, and stress diagrams, maintaining a minimal difference compared to results generated by commercial tools. Furthermore, the application offers a unique pedagogical approach, explaining the internal processes of the FEM and providing detailed reports of the structural analysis. In conclusion, this proposal represents an accessible and educational alternative that integrates advanced calculations with an intuitive interface, contributing to both learning and professional practice in structural engineering.Item Evaluación de la capacidad estructural resistente al fuego de la estructura del bloque 1 de la empresa “Mikrocartón” ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Bayas Vargas, David Alejandro; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe analysis of structural resistance to fire has acquired great relevance in the scientific field, especially in the study of industrial structures, due to its direct impact on the safety of occupants, property and evacuation times in emergency situations. Initially, a detailed geometric survey of the structural elements was carried out using highprecision measurement tools, then a static linear analysis was carried out considering the NEC guidelines, where their behavior was evaluated under various combinations of loads, including dead load, live load, wind and earthquake. This analysis allowed the identification of the load capacity of each structural section, as well as its deformations and lateral displacements; during this process, structural deficiencies were detected that required the formulation of specific reinforcement measures to guarantee the stability and safety of the building. Finally, the behavior of the structural elements under fire conditions was evaluated through a normative analysis that allowed determining the critical fire time. A manual calculation method was used based on Eurocode guidelines, which allowed the load capacity to be established based on the residual resistance of the structural section, considering the influence of temperature through standardized time-temperature curves. However, when it became evident that the structure could not withstand the expected temperature, a protection system was implemented using 12.7 mm thick gypsum panel boxes, managing to reduce the effect of fire by up to 64 percent in the critical section.Item Cálculo y diseño de la cubierta en estructura Metálica de las canchas de uso múltiple para la unidad Educativa Bolívar de la ciudad de Ambato - Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Moreta Tigse, Edisson Mauricio; Pico Núñez, María FernandaThe present technical project was carried out with the purpose of obtaining the studies and the necessary referential budget for the construction of the metallic structure roof for the "Bolivar" educational unit in order to fulfill the need of covering the sports space from climatic agents. In this project we determined the type of structure that meets the requirements established by the standards currently in force, with the use of specialized software, the structural analysis of the elements was performed and to know their real behavior under the action of the loads; a bibliographic research was conducted and fundamental data were collected to serve as a basis to be used correctly in the study; the most significant investigations were the determination of the soil resistance values to be able to make the foundations and that these do not suffer damages due to deformations, displacements and/or punctures, the determination of the demands of the metallic elements for their analysis of bending, compression and/or moments applied on an infinitesimal element; this thanks to the application of the finite element method that the program performs. Having as a guideline the Ecuadorian Construction Standard in several of its chapters and the foreign codes, AISC-360- 16, ACI-318-14, and AWSD1.1. As a result, the necessary criteria and procedures were acquired to carry out an adequate design of the elements that allowed the construction drawings with their details and finally the general budget and work schedules.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio multifamiliar “Peña Mendoza” de hormigón armado de la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, ubicado en la cooperativa 30 de Julio mediante el método de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Cabascango Chuquirima, César Augusto; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaSince the structure did not meet the expected seismic performance level, a vulnerability analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods proposed in FEMA 154 and NEC 15. In the vulnerability analysis performed with the qualitative method proposed by FEMA 154 and NEC 15, a quick visual inspection of the entire structure was performed, taking into account each of the characteristics such as irregularity in plan and elevation, year of construction, construction code used; data necessary to calculate the degree of vulnerability of the structure, which presents a high degree of vulnerability according to FEMA 154 and a low vulnerability according to NEC 15. In the quantitative analysis, a linear analysis was carried out to determine the structural behavior, which complies with all the parameters established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC 15; subsequently, the non-linear analysis (pushover) determined that it does not comply with the performance levels expected and proposed by VISION 2000. Finally, a reinforcement was proposed through the implementation of shear walls that allowed an adequate level of structural performance in the event of an earthquake. As a result, the shear walls were able to reinforce the current structure, thus complying with the seismic performance expected in a basic structure.Item Análisis comparativo de conexiones precalificadas con tipología soldadas y empernadas para un sistema SMF en un edificio de estructura metálica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Merino Mora, Verónica Jackeline; Chávez Rubio, Luis EnriqueEcuador is located in areas where constant and significant earthquakes occur, currently it has been possible to denote the vulnerability of structural steel buildings to a severe earthquake. The scope of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of prequalified connections with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. The ANSI/AISC 360-16 standard is the standard that establishes the specifications for designing steel structures, the ANSI/AISC 341-16 standard indicates the seismic provisions for structural steel buildings and the ANSI/AISC 358-16, which analyzes the prequalified connections for use in special moments and intermediate frames, the standards present a guide for the design of prequalified metallic connections that were used as an instrument for the different mathematical calculations, in addition, applying this methodology, a model of a steel structure was made . National and international standards were used for the study and the Etabs 2019 and Ram Connection software, both with student licenses, were used for the structural analysis. This research performs the comparative analysis of RBS, BFP, BUEEP and WUF-W prequalified connections, with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. A structural and economic analysis of the metal frame building is obtained, concluding that the elements that make up the connection in a metal frame building have an elastic behavior. In addition, it was observed that the RBS connection provides the best reliability so that the transfer in the beams (plastic hinge) prevails before that in the columns, as an energy dissipation mechanism and complying with the design philosophy. Regarding the analysis of the cost of steel in beams and columns, it was known that steel in welded beams and columns is cheaper than steel in bolted beams and columns, due to the materials, equipment, machinery and labor used. in the construction process of metal structures.Item Diseño y construcción de una carrocería adaptable al chasis de un Volkswagen escarabajo del taller mecánico “Autostetic Automotriz Roberth Gavilánes” en la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Calvopiña Baird, Pablo Andrés; Correa Jácome, Juan FranciscoNot contributing to environmental pollution due to metal waste is one of the factors for which this project was carried out, and when it was developed, what was obtained is that a car that has already lost its economic value. as attractive, rescue these attributes. The project is based on the restoration and recovery of elements that have been discarded as scrap. The present work began with the visual damage inspection of a car that has great relevance throughout the world such as the Volkswagen Beetle, to later choose the elements that still have a useful life in the car and replace those that no longer; the engine was put into operation, its original bodywork was removed and a completely new one was attached, which has all the safety and comfort parameters. The bodywork was designed in 3D using specialized engineering software, which allowed us to incorporate all the details it contains, with the aim of facilitating its construction. For the simulation process, the design of the main structure was prioritized, which is why it began with its modeling, to later submit it to all its structural tests. The INEN NTE 1323 standard was used to examine the design under the load combinations exposed by the LRFD method. The development of the work allowed to apply the knowledge acquired in the race regarding the operation of an engine and the design of structures.Item Estudio de conexiones precalificadas y su incidencia en el diseño sismo resistente de edificaciones irregulares(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Sánchez Guevara, Nelson Hernan; Guerra Avendaño, Oswaldo MarceloEcuador es un país de alta actividad sísmica. En el año 2016 se vio afectado por un evento sísmico el cual fue generado a raíz de un fenómeno producido entre la subducción de la placa de Nazca y la placa Sudamericana, lo cual dejó cuantiosas pérdidas económicas, humanas y de edificaciones, siendo esto un factor principal de suma importancia para la investigación en el campo de la ingeniería estructural. En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó un análisis sismorresistente de tres edificaciones irregulares de baja, mediana y gran altura, conformadas por un sistema resistente a carga lateral de pórticos especiales resistentes a momento SMF de acero estructural, compuestos por columnas de tipo HEB y vigas IPE. Para empezar el proyecto se realizó un análisis de la configuración estructural de las edificaciones planteadas para luego aplicar las consideraciones que establece la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción para tomar en cuenta los casos correspondientes de irregularidad en las edificaciones tanto en elevación como en planta. Luego se procedió a resolver las estructuras mediante un análisis estático y dinámico lineal, logrando obtener resultados que muestran un adecuado comportamiento estructural y cumplan con los chequeos obligatorios normativos, como son el chequeo de las derivas de piso, la verificación del criterio columna fuerte – viga débil y el diseño de sus elementos estructurales. Las conexiones de acero son de gran importancia para garantizar el comportamiento sismorresistente de las edificaciones. En zonas de alta sismicidad es necesario utilizar sistemas de pórticos especiales resistentes a momento y que sus conexiones sean precalificadas, lo que garantizará la formación adecuada de las rotulas plásticas contribuyendo a obtener como resultado un apropiado comportamiento en el rango no lineal. Una vez finalizado los diseños estructurales de las edificaciones planteadas, se procedió a diseñar dos conexiones precalificadas como son la Conexión de Placa de Ala Empernada (Bolted Flange Plate BFP) y la Conexión de sección de viga reducida (Reduced Beam Section RBS) descritas en la norma AISC 358-16. Las conexiones se diseñaron de forma manual cumpliendo todos los parámetros establecidos en la normativa AISC 358-16 para finalmente realizar su respectiva validación y comparación de resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de un software especializado en el diseño de conexiones de acero obteniendo resultados similares.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio del honorable consejo universitario mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Tovar Molina, Santiago Alejandro; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaThe present research work focused on implementing several methods for the determination of vulnerability of the structure belonging to the Honorable University Council of the Technical University of Ambato, one of them is the rapid visual inspection, which is a qualitative method that uses formats based in FEMA 154, as well as local regulations such as Guide 5 for the Evaluation and Rehabilitation of structures presented by the NEC 2015. Through the implementation of these methods, it was determined that the structure under study has a high vulnerability. In order to verify the qualitative vulnerability results obtained by visual inspection methods, quantitative methodologies were used, for this a linear and non-linear analysis (Pushover) was performed. The linear analysis showed that the structure in its current state does not comply with parameters such as the period of vibration, torsional participation and inelastic drifts, which are based on the NEC 2015. On the other hand, through the non-linear static analysis carried out on the structure in its current state, it was identified that it does not have the necessary capacity to be able to meet the criteria and acceptance levels for the different seismic demands, showing that it has a high degree vulnerability. It is for this reason that a reinforcement was proposed with the help of the implementation of stiffeners and a reinforcement through the filling of concrete in columns, to increase the resistance capacity, taking into account that it has cold-formed square tubular profiles.Item Análisis comparativo estructural y económico de una vivienda modular unifamiliar a base de contenedores reciclados y hormigón armado para el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Olivo Mera, Javier Enrique; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioFor this research paper, the structure of a two-story dwelling made of concrete and containers was analyzed and compared. In this study, concrete and container structural performance was evaluated. Then, the obtained results were compared in order to determine a suitable building system. For the modeling of reinforced concrete structure, a pre-design of structural elements was done. Then, to define final sections, software Etabs was used. Drifts and torsion in the plan verified and, the equivalent static analysis was performed. Finally, the estimated budget and the building time of the structure was determined. For the modeling of the containers, the sections of the container structure were determined. Each element was modeled in the software Etabs, and, the necessary revisions were carried out. To comply with the design parameters, the structure was braced in order to control drifts and torsion in plan. Then, the equivalent-static analysis was performed. Finally, the budget and building time for the structure was determined. Finally, after comparing the results of both structures, it was determined that containers present a better structural performance and take less time to build. However, their price does not vary significantly compared to the reinforced concrete structure.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial bloque 2 mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-08) Gallardo Sinchiguano, Romel Amilcar; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioIn the country, the current standard (NEC-2015) establishes a rapid visual inspection form for a qualitative analysis of structures based on the one proposed by FEMA 154, whose main objective is to determine the seismic vulnerability of buildings. In this project, a difference was obtained in terms of the analysis by the two methodologies, by FEMA 154 the structure presents high seismic vulnerability while by NEC-2015 it presents an average seismic vulnerability corresponding to the irregularity in elevation and the presence of short columns. . In both static and dynamic linear analysis and inelastic static analysis, within the first analyzes the fundamental period of vibration was determined that shows flexibility in the structure and must be stiffened, in turn it was verified with inelastic drifts since they exceed the limit allowable 2 percent; Regarding the inelastic static analysis, it was determined that the building does not have the necessary capacity, showing that it collapses in the presence of an earthquake. Therefore, a reinforcement was proposed at a global and local level, the first through San Andrés crosses and the second in the columns that present a short column effect due to the change in level that was observed in the building through a metallic cladding for corners and sills. Finally, the natural frequency of the building's mezzanines was determined through their deflections to verify that the vibrations are within the permissible limit established in guide 11 of the AISC.