Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de la valoración económica de las tarifas de agua potable de la Junta de Rubén Terán de la ciudad de Latacunga, Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Alpusig Jacho Luis Gonzalo; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThis study addressed the economic valuation of drinking water tariffs in the Junta de Agua Potable de Rubén Terán, located in the city of Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. The main purpose was to develop a fair, equitable and sustainable tariff plan, based on a detailed analysis of the real costs of production, treatment and distribution of water resources. The project arose from the need to update a tariff scheme that historically has not reflected real operating costs, which has compromised the financial sustainability of the system. The research was developed under a mixed approach, combining quantitative, qualitative and descriptive methods. Through field measurements, situational analysis, user surveys and documentary review, key information was gathered on the current state of the infrastructure, citizen perception, the level of losses in the network and the existing cost structure. The average inflow to the water treatment plant was established at 18.58 liters per second, using the floating object method. This data was essential for projecting demand and sizing the proposed tariff system. From the financial point of view, one of the main findings was the calculation of the Net Present Value (NPV), which reached a positive value of US$339.894,07 over a 10-year evaluation horizon, starting from an initial investment of US$64.879,50. This result indicates considerable profitability and evidences the economic viability of the project. The positive NPV demonstrates that, by applying a tariff scheme adjusted to xx real costs, not only is the recovery of the investment guaranteed, but also a significant surplus that can be used for system improvements and maintenance. The cost analysis considered three categories: administrative costs, operating and maintenance costs, and investment costs. The most significant costs were identified as being related to infrastructure maintenance and network losses, attributable in part to the lack of micro-metering, clandestine connections and an aging infrastructure. There was also evidence of a billing and collection gap that directly affects the Board's operational capacity. Based on these findings, a tariff plan was designed with a block approach by user category (residential and non-residential), following the guidelines of the Water Regulation and Control Agency (ARCA). For the residential category, four consumption blocks were established: basic (0-10 m³), medium (11-30 m³), high (31- 40 m³) and excessive (over 40 m³); and for the non-residential category, three blocks: basic (0-30 m³), medium (31-50 m³) and high (over 50 m³). This scheme makes it possible to assign progressive tariffs, encouraging responsible consumption and discouraging excessive use of the resource. Among the main conclusions of the study is that the current tariff structure does not cover the real costs of the service, which puts its sustainability at risk. The lack of micro-metering prevents equitable charging and contributes to the waste of the resource. It was concluded that the implementation of a new tariff scheme, based on actual consumption and technical costs, is essential to ensure the financial and operational viability of the system. In addition, it was recommended that internal governance be strengthened, citizen participation channels be improved, and education on efficient water use be reinforced. In summary, the study provided the technical and financial tools necessary for a tariff restructuring based on criteria of equity, sustainability and efficiency, to ensure access to drinking water as a human right and a vital resource for community developmentItem Mejoramiento del sistema de agua potable en la comunidad Jaloa el Rosario de la parroquia La Matriz del cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Pallo Vinueza, Gerson Asdrubal; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoThe supply of drinking water is of vital importance to all inhabitants worldwide, so the supply must be efficient and adequate, but currently the existing distribution system in the Jaloa el Rosario community does not provide the adequate service that users need, since the distribution system has fulfilled its useful life, therefore, the proposal to improve the drinking water system was made. It began with the delimitation of the study area that was facilitated by the president of the Jaloa el Rosario community, to later carry out a topographic survey with a drone, a survey was also carried out where the population registry was updated, through the survey carried out the quality of the service was also known and to know if the pressure of the water with which it reaches their homes is adequate, on the other hand, through field visits each of the components of the existing drinking water system was evaluated, through the evaluation it was determined that the system has many deficiencies since visible leaks could be seen in the pipes. Through the use of a pressure gauge, a hydraulic evaluation was carried out, where the existing pressures were measured. Finally, a proposal for improvement of the SDAP was developed, so that community users have a safe and efficient service, where the design period is 25 years, with a future population of 735 inhabitants. On the other hand, the design proposal was also modeled through an engineering program, modeling the system in a static and dynamic state. After the design proposal was made, a reference budget was developed for an amount of $135,167.90 US dollars, with its respective schedule where it is presented that for the construction of the design proposal it will be developed in a time of 5 months.Item Optimización del sistema de distribución de agua potable del barrio central del caserío Yanahurco, cantón Mocha, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Campaña Marcalla, Kevin Rolando; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe drinking water distribution network of the Yanahurco Village has exceeded its operational useful life, showing critical deficiencies in the hydraulic supply, particularly in pressure, as a consequence of the population increase and the incorporation of new housing units. The present study was oriented towards the diagnostic evaluation and functional optimization of the system, with the objective of guaranteeing a reliable and continuous service. On-site technical inspections were carried out to obtain primary data through surveys and direct measurements. An average supply flow of 8.95 L/s was determined, and pressures were recorded at strategic points using a manometer. The results showed significant disparities: in peripheral areas, the pressure reached a maximum of 64 m.c.a. (meters of water column), while in other sectors the values remained within the normative parameters, which confirms a critical hydraulic imbalance. To validate these observations, the system was modeled using hydraulic software, analyzing static and dynamic scenarios. The results confirmed substantial problems in nodal pressures and flow rates along the main pipelines. As an improvement strategy, the redesign of the network was proposed, with a design flow rate of 11.48 L/s. Incorporating infrastructure upgrades, with pipes of progressive diameters (22 mm, 32 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm and 63 mm) and the installation of eight pressure regulating valves (PVR), achieving stabilization of system pressures. However, flow rates were not fully optimized because the main pipeline, renovated five years ago, was not modified. Instead, four purge valves (PBV) were installed to eliminate air accumulations, improve flow continuity and mitigate sedimentation risks. Finally, a financial analysis of the project was performed, determining a total implementation cost of $156,348.81. This proposal ensures the sustainability and hydraulic efficiency of the system for the community of Caserío Yanahurco.Item Determinación de las condiciones técnicas del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable y manual de operación y mantenimiento para la junta administradora de agua potable Andignato (J.A.A.P.A) del caserío Andignato del cantón Cevallos provincia de Tungurahua.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Zamora Llerena, Luis Alberto; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoThe purpose of this study is to improve the basic drinking water service, providing the sector with preliminary technical studies, since its useful life is over and it is necessary to upgrade the network in question, taking into account the design parameters and the topographic and hydrographic characteristics of the site. The study site belongs to the rural sector, so the CO 10.7 - 602 - Revision NORM was used, focused on the design of drinking water supply for the rural area, data provided by the J.A.A.P.S.A of the Board that manages the network, from continuous visits to the study site and the Development and Land Management Plan of the canton Cevallos 2020 - 2022, statistical data from INEC and various bibliographic sources were used. A topographic survey was carried out with the TRIMBLE M3 station of the municipal entity, later the information was compared with the RTK system for ease of data manipulation and to make it more dynamic, substituting the latter by developing effectively, the hydraulic project was carried out in specific softwars taking into account the design bases of the code; it has topographic plans and design of the network in the first stage, with items that are used in the construction of the system. Finally, with a new projection of the current design for the Drinking Water Supply network, we have sought to provide the vital liquid in a better way and to obtain a good quality of water that solves the users, contributing to improve the quality of life of the sectors.Item Caracterización de la curva de consumo diario de agua potable del sector San Martín del cantón Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Villagómez Calle, Gibran Nikkolay; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánThe main objective of this research work is to obtain data on the population's drinking water consumption so that these can be useful in future programs and maintenance projects for drinking water networks in the city. This investigation requested information from the competent authority of the Municipal GAD of the city of Latacunga on the number of users of the drinking water service in the sector and its surroundings, then a systematic survey was carried out in the field through a prior inspection, the properties were selected. Through a non-probabilistic sampling that resulted in a total of 326 properties and 100 selected points in homes in the sector, a mapping of the most appropriate route was drawn to record the volume of daily consumption during a period of 45 continuous days between September and October 2023, from 7 to 10 am; continuing with the survey process and tabulation of results, referencing all characteristic information of each home and the variation in terms of use of the drinking water service in their users, carrying out measurements at the pressure points. As a result, the work carried out by the micro cameras previously installed in the sector was analyzed for a significant period of 7 continuous days. With the collection of the necessary information, the digitization, tabulation and georeferencing of this data was arranged for an analysis, finally concluding that the average consumption of drinking water was 0.758 cubic meters per day.Item Optimización del sistema de distribución de agua potable, de la comunidad Andahualo Alto San Isidro, parroquia San Andrés, cantón Píllaro, provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Sangucho Quinaucho, Erick Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaAt present the system does not provide a service of quality, continuity and efficiency, because it has been operating for 29 years and is at the limit of its useful life, in order to optimize the system this research is carried out. It began with a topographic survey, using the photogrammetry technique, technical visits were made in the field, where the physical evaluation of the state of the components of the system was carried out. Subsequently, the hydraulic evaluation was developed where, with the help of a pressure gauge, the pressures in the different connections were known and the system was modeled with the help of hydraulic simulation software in both static and dynamic conditions. After analyzing the deficiencies, it was concluded that a redesign proposal is necessary. A proposal was made to redesign the system, which is made up of a 5.11km pipeline network for a design period of 25 years and covers an area of 86.60ha of surface. The design was carried out under static and dynamic modeling in the most critical conditions, based on design parameters that comply with national regulations for the rural sector. As a result, the project contains evaluation matrices, calculation report, network plans, implementation of pressure-reducing valves and a water disinfection system, along with a technical economic analysis that includes a referential budget for the execution of the project.Item Optimización del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable del barrio La Calera, cantón Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Vizuete Vizuete, Juan Francisco; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe potable water supply system in the La Calera neighborhood faces issues of leaks and inadequate pressures, leading to areas without supply. This research aims to redesign the distribution system to mitigate these problems. The components of the current system were evaluated using technical design software, and the designs were modeled in a hydraulic simulator. These parameters were employed to propose a design using the current regulations in our country. The results of the existing analysis show very low pressures, between 2.02 and 6.46 meters of water column (mwc), whereas the regulations establish a minimum of 10 mwc in the high zone. The recorded velocities range from 0.04 m/s to 0.227 m/s, below the regulatory minimum of 0.3 m/s. A redesign was proposed for 30 years, considering a population growth up to 5,774 inhabitants. This includes the separation into two independent networks, divided by the main road of the neighborhood. A new storage tank with a capacity of 460.46 cubic meters was calculated, which, together with the existing tank of 196.99 cubic meters, makes up the required volume. Each network will be supplied by one tank, resolving the current issues in the network. As a result, the modeling identified a new pressure pattern in La Calera. Network 1 showed minimum pressures between 3.51 and 6.41 mwc, with problems in 5 out of 32 nodes. Network 2 had one problematic node out of 52, with less than 10 mwc. The minimum global velocity was 0.120 m/s.Item Optimización del sistema de distribución de agua potable del barrio Mariscal Sucre Los Puentes, parroquia Saquisilí, cantón Saquisilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Calvopiña Tenorio, Cristian Andrés; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaCurrently, the SDAP of the town is nearing the end of its 30 years design period. This has caused the system to present deficiencies and deterioration, causing overpressure and leaks, compromising the quality, quantity and continuity of the water supply. In addition, population growth and expansion have generated a deficient distribution of the network. Therefore, a proposal was developed to guarantee efficient use of the resource by improving and optimizing the system. This began with a comprehensive evaluation of the network, technically analyzing its physical condition by recording technical and hydraulic data sheets using a pressure gauge to measure pressure efficiency. The population register was updated by means of surveys to diagnose overcrowding, socioeconomic and sanitary conditions. Subsequently, a topographic survey was carried out using the photogrammetry technique. After data collection, the infrastructure was modeled and the system was analyzed using simulation software under static and dynamic conditions. The critical scenario of maximum hourly consumption was considered and the characteristic consumption pattern of the area was determined. The results indicated the need for a complete redesign. The improvement proposal contains the diagnosis of the current deficiencies, design of a system to meet future needs for the 30 years period, implementation of water quality improvements, optimization of the hydraulic parameters of the network, and cost-effective solutions.Item Mejoramiento del sistema de distribución de agua potable de la cabecera parroquial de san francisco del cantón Tisaleo provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Alvarado Angamarca, Cinthya Lizeth; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánCurrently, the distribution system in San Francisco parish does not provide quality service even though it is practically new. On the other hand, the distribution system does not completely cover the parish, causing the inhabitants to look for other sources of supply. The present project has been carried out to improve and expand the system. Initially, the study area was delimited by means of the canton's cadastre, then a topographic survey was carried out with the help of an RTK. With the georeferenced plans of the existing potable water system, the system was evaluated and it was found that the storage tank of the study parish had a conduction network that fed the tank of the San Luis parish, so this parish was also analyzed. An evaluation was made both physically and hydraulically where deficiencies were found. Then, the existing system was modeled for scenarios in static and dynamic state, resulting that the two parishes presented problems of velocities and pressures. In the proposal to improve the existing system and expand it, two pressure regulating valves were installed in San Francisco parish and three pressure regulating valves were installed in San Luis three pressure regulating valves were installed, which optimized the pressures to 100 percent. The velocities in the two sectors were not optimized to 100 percent, so it was suggested that bleed valves be installed. Finally, a budget and schedule were prepared.Item Digitalización de la red de agua potable de Platupamba y elaboración del catastro de usuarios del sector de Yamate, Chalpi-San Francisco y Quinlata del cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Díaz Tibanquiza, Erick Francisco; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánThe municipal GAD of Patate is responsible for the management and supply of water in the sectors of Yamate, Quinlata, Chalpi and San Francisco. However, the lack of a complete digitalized cadastre of the supply network has made maintenance and development operations difficult, since technicians do not know the precise location of all hydraulic structures. Furthermore, the entity did not have detailed information on subscribed users or the exact location of its meters. To solve these problems, a technical project was carried out that included the complete collection of information and a georeferenced survey using precision GNSS equipment. This process covered all elements of the system, including catchments, pressure-breaking tanks, storage tanks, networks and special components. Likewise, all users subscribed to the network were georeferenced. Subsequently, all this information was digitized in technical plans using specific software and a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to efficiently represent the collected data. Finally, a cadastral file was obtained of the users subscribed to the drinking water network of the four sectors, registering 92 users in Quinlata, 96 in Chalpi, 54 in San Francisco and 162 in Yamate, adding a total of 404 users. The registry of hydraulic components and structures was also completed, identifying 2 collection tanks, 7 storage tanks, 8 pressure breaker tanks, 1 flow distribution tank, 4 air valves, 6 plugs and a total of 14,812.17 meters of pipe.