Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado y planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Quiambe, cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Torres Paredes, Kevin Fernando; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroCurrently, developing areas in Ecuador lack sewerage, as only 50.7 percent of Municipal GADs have this service, and this is even more noticeable in rural communities, such as Quiambe, which do not have basic sanitation infrastructure. Therefore, the objective of this technical project is to carry out the design of sanitary sewerage for the area, also including the design of a treatment plant, which guarantees the correct management and disposal of treated water, thus improving the quality of life of its inhabitants and the environmental surroundings. To carry out this objective, first the topographic survey was carried out using an RTK, then the characteristics of the area were obtained through surveys of the population, and the water supply of the sector was also determined by taking readings from 10 homes in the area. Then, the sewerage system design was carried out based on the Bolivian standard NB 688 and the treatment plant using the guidelines for the design of septic tanks, IMHOFF and stabilization ponds, design of municipal wastewater treatment plants: up flow anaerobic filters and the INEN 005-9-1 standard, and as a last point a budget was made that this project will have with its respective items, technical specifications and a schedule of activities to be carried out. Finally, it was found that the sanitary sewer system consists of a network of 3093.73m, 62 wells, 62 pipes that vary from 200 mm in diameter, while for the treatment of wastewater it has a pretreatment, primary and secondary treatment and sludge drying, complying with the established parameters, it should be noted that the cost of the project has a value of 346,798.57 dollars and has a term of 6 months.Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Cóndor Mirador perteneciente a la parroquia El Triunfo de la provincia de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Acurio Sánchez, Jennifer Ivonne; Paredes Beltrán, Bolívar EduardoThis study was initiated in response to the urgent need to improve the sanitary and environmental conditions of the area, driven by the impact of population growth and the lack of adequate infrastructure for wastewater management. The methodology included a comprehensive diagnosis of the study area, based on topographic surveys, analysis of current and projected population data, and water quality studies. Hydraulic calculations were performed to size the sewer networks and select the optimal components for the treatment plant, considering both national and international technical standards. The design was further enhanced through computational simulations using specialized software to ensure the system's functionality and efficiency. The results revealed that the project would benefit a population of approximately 350 inhabitants, with a projected population growth rate of 4.56 percent over a 30-year design horizon, calculated using the geometric method. The proposed system included PVC pipes with a nominal diameter of 200 millimeters and a total length of 618.44 meters for the sanitary sewer system, designed to handle a maximum flow of 141 liters per person per day. The wastewater treatment plant was designed to process an average flow of 261.79 cubic meters per day. A system incorporating pretreatment, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments, along with sludge treatment, was selected. This choice was based on a BOD5 to COD ratio of 43.91 percent and the high fecal coliform content identified in water analyses, categorizing the wastewater as highly biodegradable. As a result, the proposed design not only improves basic sanitation conditions but also contributes to preserving the region's water resources by reducing environmental pollution. A general budget of one hundred twenty-eight thousand two hundred thirty dollars and seventy-three cents was projected for the implementation of the system.Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado y planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Hualcanga San Luis, cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Lozada López, Darwin Joel; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánIn Ecuador, many developing communities face serious deficiencies in basic infrastructure, including the absence of sanitary sewage systems. This situation not only generates water contamination problems, but also an increase in waterborne diseases and serious damage to the environment. A clear example of this problem is the community of Hualcanga San Luis, where the lack of these essential services highlights the existing gaps in basic sanitation, mainly affecting rural and peri-urban areas, despite the efforts made by local governments to address these deficiencies. In this context, the main objective of this technical project is to design an integrated sanitary sewerage system and a wastewater treatment plant for the community. As a first stage, a detailed topographic survey was carried out using an RTK (Real Time Kinematic) system, which allowed obtaining accurate information of the terrain, ensuring an adequate analysis of the physical conditions of the intervention area. In addition, surveys were conducted with the local population in order to identify their specific needs and ensure that the proposed design responds to their real demands. Based on the information collected, a 3.24-kilometer sewerage network was designed, consisting of 76 inspection wells and 75 sections of pipe with varying diameters, including a 200-mm main pipe. A treatment plant was also designed that includes pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, and sludge drying, ensuring compliance with the country's regulatory standards. The total estimated budget for the project is US$339,461.60, with a completion time of approximately six months. The implementation of this system will not only significantly improve social welfare and reduce the incidence of disease in the community but will also contribute substantially to ensuring long-term environmental sustainability in the region.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Santa Lucía La Libertad perteneciente al Cantón Tisaleo, provincia deTungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-07) Mediavilla Rivadeneira, Edwin Patricio; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe evaluation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was carried out due to the need to update the existing implementation plans, as well as the lack of maintenance that is evident in the terrain and in the units that make up the WWTP, producing bad odors and contamination that represent a danger to the residents near the area. The methodology used for the present experimental work was carried out in 5 stages: the first was the collection of primary information from the WWTP; then a field investigation was carried out, obtaining current dimensions of the treatment train units and measuring inlet and outlet flow rates; in stage 3 a laboratory analysis was carried out with samples of the influent and effluent, while in stage 4 a technical diagnosis of the operation of each component was made to detect problems resolved in the final stage with a proposal for improvement of the WWTP. Due to the presence of 62.94 percent manganese in the effluent, an inlet velocity of 0.62 m/sec at the screen, which is higher than that stipulated in the regulations, and the deterioration of some units, the following was proposed: a final filter composed of limestone in its filtering bed, lechuguines plants and a conduit to discharge the effluent into the Palagua River; replacement of the screening screen along with broken pipes of the treatment train and finally an operation and maintenance plan for the WWTP units with their respective reference budgets.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de las aguas residuales del sector Cruz Huayco de la parroquia Juan Benigno Vela del cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Caiza Caiza, Israel Tupak; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe evaluation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the Cruz Huayco sector is intended to determine its efficiency and compliance with environmental regulations. The current infrastructure shows signs of deterioration, with treatment capacity close to its limit. The treatment processes have demonstrated acceptable effectiveness, although areas for improvement were identified. Keywords: treatment plant, wastewater, environmental pollution, sludge operation, Cruz Huayco. The maintenance and operational status of the WWTP need immediate attention to ensure its long-term functionality. Studies were observed and carried out regarding environmental regulations, especially regarding contaminant removal levels. Waste and sludge management could be optimized to improve environmental sustainability; Despite these challenges, the WWTP largely complies with environmental regulations. Specific improvements are suggested to optimize operating costs and ensure long-term functionality. In summary, the WWTP demonstrates efficiency, but requires immediate attention in some areas vital to its operation. Detailed recommendations are provided to address identified issues, prioritizing actions to improve operational efficiency and comply with environmental regulations.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector Manzanapamba grande de la parroquia Salasaca del cantón Pelileo de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Sarabia Oñate, Frank Israel; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present work developed the technical evaluation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the Manzanapamba Grande sector, which presented a series of symptoms which indicate problems in it: growth of vegetation, presence of odors and increase in insects. . . Firstly, information was collected from the treatment units, a study of the influent and effluent was carried out for thirty days with the objective of determining those with the highest load in the plant. Once the hydraulic behavior of the plant was known, to obtain a characteristic sample, composite samples of the inlet and outlet flow were taken, laboratory analyzes continued to verify compliance with. with the TUSLMA 2015 regulations for the discharge of wastewater; These analyzes were relevant since it was obtained: that the parameters established in the regulations are not fully complied with; Next, the evaluation of each unit was carried out, where problems were detected in the drying of the sludge bed and the trickling filter. Based on the above, the respective improvements were made to said units. Then, a technical solution was investigated for non-compliance with the regulations in one of its parameters, which was ammoniacal nitrogen, where bioremediation was proposed. For each improvement, a proper budget was prepared; finally, an operation manual was created.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector condesan de la parroquia Quisapincha del cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Campaña Ávila, Génesis Betsabé; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe treatment plant under study is designed for the treatment of domestic wastewater; however, despite the fact that the WWTP is operational, its operation causes inconvenience to the inhabitants of the surrounding areas and those who pass through the sector, since it emits bad odors, causing environmental pollution. This research was carried out in three stages: the first was a topographic survey of the plant area, which is 586.15 square meters, and data was collected on its components and system (distribution tank, valve box, revision boxes, septic tank, upflow anaerobic filter, sludge drying bed, outlet well). In the second, the maximum wastewater flows of the influent and effluent of the treatment plant for 30 days for 8 hours per day were estimated using a quantitative method, as well as the analysis of the composite sample that was tested in the Quality Control Laboratory of the Public Company EP-EMAPA-A, using qualitative methodology, in order to verify whether the pollutant load of the WWTP complies with the parameters of the TULSMA 2015 regulations, Book VI: Table 8. Discharge limits to the public sewage system and Table 9. Discharge limits to a freshwater body. As a result, an operation and maintenance plan was proposed for the WWTP. It is worth mentioning that the efficiency of the treatment plant is favorable, even though there is no adequate maintenance and cleaning of the area in question.Item Evaluación del funcionamiento de la planta de Tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector valle Mulinliví de la parroquia la victoria, perteneciente al Cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Veintimilla Herrera, Marcos Adán; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroThe present experimental work is focused on the evaluation of the correct operation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), located in the parish of La Victoria; for which the national and international regulations in force were used, since the treated water flows into a dry creek located in an area that is undergoing population and commercial growth. First, a general information survey was carried out: location, on-site visits, etc. In addition to the aforementioned, flow measurements were taken in the influent and effluent for 30 consecutive days, using the concepts and techniques recommended by Metcalf & Eddy. It was also necessary to collect composite samples in the inflow and outflow using the standards and techniques established in the Standard Methods for the Analysis of Drinking and Waste Water (SMWW); to transport the samples to a laboratory using the NTE INEN 2 169:1998 standard. With the results obtained in the laboratory, which gives us to know the physical, chemical and biological properties of the water under study, we proceeded to compare with the limits allowed by the TULSMA to discharge treated water into a body of fresh water, complemented with a technical analysis of the dimensions of the existing treatment units, with the minimum design parameters recommended by CONAGUA and PAHO, viable alternatives are proposed, which generate a solution to the treatment system, such as implementing: A split tank with bypass, a FAFA and a sludge drying bed.Item Diseño de un sistema de alcantarillado sanitario en los barrios Patoa de Vacas, Perpetuo Socorro y Santo Domingo del cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Lozada Quevedo, Andrea Elizabeth; Castro Solórzano, Fidel AlbertoThe sanitary sewerage system is an indispensable basic service for human beings because it improves health and reduces the percentage of diseases among the population. Therefore, a sewerage system design was proposed in this sector, since they lack this service. The development of this technical project was divided into three phases: the first was to diagnose the current situation of the wastewater collection and disposal systems of the mentioned neighborhoods, by collecting data from the sector and the users; the second phase was the topographic survey of the study area where the volume of wastewater to be disposed of by the inhabitants of the sector was determined; the third and last phase was to calculate the contribution areas, define flow rates and determine the diameters necessary for the design of the sewerage system. The methodology used was mostly quantitative, because it provided as a final result the design of the sanitary sewerage system using corrugated PVC material of 200mm diameter, designed for a period of 25 years that covers the need to drain the sanitary waste of the current and future population; in addition, detailed plans and a referential budget were obtained as products, so that the project can be executed in the future.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Gamboa perteneciente al cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Galarza Lalama, Oscar David; Castro Solórzano, Fidel AlbertoThe location of the wastewater purification system in the tourist area of Gamboa, in the Pelileo canton of Tungurahua province, has raised concerns about public health safeguards and environmental preservation. Thus, an examination was conducted to verify whether the cleaning procedures were functioning properly and fulfilling their purpose of purifying the wastewater. To carry out this examination, a topographic study was conducted to facilitate the measurement of the functional units of the treatment plant and the development of a general building design with "as-built" plans. Data on inflow and outflow rates were also collected using the volumetric method to determine the maximum flow and perform laboratory analysis based on a composite sample to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the untreated wastewater (influent) and the treated wastewater (effluent), comparing the obtained values with those established by the TULSMA 2015 regulations. The analysis confirmed that the operational effectiveness of the wastewater treatment system was within acceptable limits. However, an opportunity to improve the efficiency of sludge treatment was identified, leading to the need to install a cover to facilitate proper dehydration of the solid waste produced in the septic tank. Additionally, an operation and maintenance manual was developed to ensure the longterm optimal performance of the plant and secure the service life of the hydraulic infrastructure.