Ciencias de la Salud
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A COMPLICACIONES DE ANASTOMOSIS COLORRECTAL EN CIRUGÍA COLÓNICA(2025-06-16) Ricachi Guevara, Steven Alexander; Cadena Baquero, Juan Carlos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaPostoperative complications in colorectal surgery can significantly impact patient health. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications in colorectal anastomosis to optimize clinical decision-making through an up-to-date literature review. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were reviewed using databases such as PUBmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Out of 10,000 initial articles, 41 relevant studies were selected. The findings reveal that comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune disorders increase the risk of postoperative complications, including anastomotic dehiscence, severe infections, and prolonged hospital stays. In adition, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia negatively affect wound healing and postoperative recovery. The discussion highlights the influence of these factors on tissue perfusion, healing, and infection susceptibility, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in preoperative and postoperative management. Finally, it has been concluded that personalized preoperative strategies and the appropriate selection of surgical techniques are essential to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.Item RIESGO DE SUICIDIO POTENCIAL RELACIONADO CON SENTIMIENTOS DEPRESIVOS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Martínez Arboleda, Maria Gabriela; Jiménez Hurtado, William AndrésAbstract The risk of suicide is the likelihood of carrying out a suicidal act, a serious issue that affects the mental health and well-being of individuals. To analyze the relationship between depressive feelings and the risk of suicide in nursing students. Method: The study used a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, applying the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI) to seventh-seme ster students. Data collection was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, using non-probabilistic convenience sampling.Contingency tables reveal associations between suicidal ideation and key variables such as attitude towards life, suicidal thoughts, attem pt planning, and attempt execution. However, when analyzing the correlation between the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI), a weak and non - significant negative correlation was found between the two variables. This suggests that, in this specific sample, there is no clear relationship between depression measured by the BDI and suicidal ideation measured by the SSI. In other words, there is no relationship between depressive feelings and the risk of suicide in nursing students.Item NEOPLASIAS EXTRAMEDULARES COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO EN LA COMPRESIÓN MEDULAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Tenorio Mogro, Soraya Lisseth; Jurado Melo, Cristina VerónicaIntroduction. Extramedullary neoplasia in spinal cord compression refers to the presence of tumors or lesions that are located outside the spinal cord and that cause compression in it. Objective. Investigate the incidence and prevalence of neoplasms that cause spinal cord compression, identifying the types of tumors most associated with this condition, as well as evaluate the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments available for these neoplasms. Methodology. Documentary-bibliographic design, exploratory, explanatory, and qualitative modality. Results. It turned out that extramedullary neoplasms that cause spinal compression include meningioma, which are slow-growing benign tumors that develop in the spinal canal; neurofibromas that develop from the cells surrounding the nerves; Schwannomas are histological tumors in the spinal cord. Among the predominant symptoms are pain, weakness in the arms, changes in vision, headache, memory loss, loss of smell, seizures, and language difficulty. Conclusion. Extramedullary neoplasia can have a significant impact on the patient's health. The severity of the symptoms and the prognosis depend on the type of neoplasm, its location, and the degree of spinal compression it causes, thus having the impact of compression of the spinal cord, intense pain in the area, paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, and finally neurological alterations.Item TRATAMIENTOS APLICADOS EN PACIENTES POR INFECCIÓN DE COVID-19 CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Sánchez Jácome, Gissela de los Ángeles; Freire Montesdeoca, Jessica MarianaCoronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause different types of respiratory illnesses. At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus was identified and declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There is the development of diabetes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, so it is possible that it could cause alterations in glucose metabolism leading to the development of diabetes mellitus. The objectives of article to carry out a bibliographic review of the treatments applied in patients infected with Covid-19 and who have type 2 diabetes mellitus as their underlying pathology. The results this investigation all the articles analyzed describe the use of metformin, insulin and corticosteroids as the mainstay of treatment, accompanied by patient education and communication between health personnel and the patient. Conclusion treatment is based on the patient's usual medication, but with slight adjustments depending on glucose control. Different treatments have also been described such as incretins, ACE inhibitors, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine and SGLT2 inhibitors among others that have acted in different ways to control this pathology.Item HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA Y EL GRADO DE SARCOPENIA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Sacón Ayerbe, Camila Salomé; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea CarolinaType II diabetes mellitus (DM2) and sarcopenia are conditions with high prevalence and significant complications, making them important public health problems. This study is based on a systematic review of 12 original scientific articles published between January 2019 and June 2023, focusing on the relationship between DM2 and sarcopenia. The findings indicate an increasing prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with DM2, especially when glycemic control is inadequate. It was observed that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels above 8.5% are associated with an increased risk of developing sarcopenia. The studies reviewed also suggest that the most effective treatment to mitigate sarcopenia is a combination of endurance exercise and nutritional counseling. Although HbA1c is a useful indicator for monitoring glycemic control, it does not reflect daily fluctuations in glucose levels, which are also an important factor in the development of sarcopenia. The review concludes that early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention are crucial to prevent and treat sarcopenia in patients with DM2.Item CUIDADO OCULAR EN PAÍSES DEL “CINTURÓN DEL PTERIGIÓN”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Ruiz Yánez, Jessica Raquel; Mendoza Rodríguez, Saimara MaríaPterygium is a benign disease of fibrovascular proliferation, which extends from the conjunctiva to the cornea, causing aesthetic and even visual problems. Its development is largely related to ultraviolet radiation and therefore to those activities carried out outdoors. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliographic review on the risk factors for the development of pterygium in countries that are within the “Pterygium measurement belt”, which allows describing eye care for the prevention of this pathology. All the articles analyzed describe ultraviolet radiation as the main factor described for the development of pterygium. In addition, social characteristics are described as risk factors, such as male sex, adulthood or lower level of education. Ultraviolet radiation is the most important risk factor for the development of pterygium, however, other factors are recognized such as dust, wind, wood debris, sodium metabisulfite, radiation from welding and LED light.Item Insatisfacción corporal y riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria en adultos jóvenes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Solis Gaibor, Dennis Marcelo; Vargas Espin, Alba del Pilar Psc. Cl.La insatisfacción corporal supone la presencia de juicios valorativos sobre el cuerpo que usualmente no coinciden con las características reales del individuo. Uno de los principales métodos para el control del peso y de la figura corporal suele ser la ejecución de conductas alimentarias de riesgo, una amplia variedad de comportamientos negativos y perjudiciales para el individuo. Ambos constituyen factores clave en el origen y desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). La intención de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre la insatisfacción corporal y el riesgo de trastornos de conducta alimentaria en adultos jóvenes que asisten al gimnasio. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra fue seleccionada mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia través de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados indican que existe una relación positiva moderada entre las variables con el (Rho=0.531, p<0.001). Lo que quiere decir que a más insatisfacción corporal más riesgo de padecer un trastorno de conducta alimentaria. Se concluye que existe una relación positiva entre la insatisfacción corporal y riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria, prevaleciendo más en mujeres. Esto se debe a que los desacuerdos internos pueden generar frustración y sentimientos negativos en la personaItem Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Estilos de vida, en Adolescentes Escuela Fiscal Federico González Suárez, Sector EU05. San Miguel-Salcedo. 2015-2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Cando Cando, Irma de los Ángeles Dra.; Vázquez Cedeño Dr. Esp.,Jorge LuisCurrently cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in all countries of the world, its clinical manifestations are evident in adulthood, but cardiovascular risk factors, often are already present since childhood and adolescence. Objective. Identify cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle, adolescents school tax Federico Gonzalez Suarez, the EU05 Sector San Miguel-Salcedo. 2015-2016. Methodology. The field study was transversal and relational, a universe of 254 adolescents of both sexes. The sample was calculated using the statistical program Epidat version 3.0, the 158 participating schools were selected by simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria: adolescents who agreed to participate voluntarily and had signed informed consent by the guardian. The study considered the ethical principle of Helsinki. All weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated; Blood pressure was measured; waist circumference; biochemical measurements of blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were performed; plus a survey on diet, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle was applied. The results were performed with SPSS version 20. To determine the statistical significance between cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyles, the Chi square test (x2) was used with p <0,05.The results reported overweight 24,1%, obesity 19,6%, abdominal obesity 19%, prehypertension 2,5%, hypertension 3,8%, impaired fasting glucose 17,7%, hypercholesterolemia 47,5%, high LDL cholesterol 62,7%, low HDL colesterol 30,4%, hypertriglyceridemia 43.7%. Regarding lifestyles, changes need 75.9%, perform light physical activity 39,2%, and 22,2% were sedentary activity. Conclusions. No statistical significance between cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyles of teenagers, but several cardiovascular risk factors such as overweight, impaired fasting glucose, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides predominated in women was found, while, general obesity, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, total cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol were present in males, so it is important to promote healthy lifestyles.Item Guía anticipatoria para contribuir al cumplimiento de las funciones básicas de las familias del Caserío San Antonio. Parroquia Huambaló, 2015(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Pilaloa Tamayo,Sergio Emilio Dr.; García Franco Dra. Esp., VilmaThe present study considers the family as a decisive factor of change during the promotion, prevention and recovery of the mental, physical and psychological health of each one of its members in harmony with the internal family environment and the community in general. The family in a decisive way influences the formation and development of ethical, moral and spiritual values that will help to confront the normative and paranormativas crises within each one of the stages of the life that will modulate the quality of life of the present family and of the Following generations. There are risk factors that measure family interactions that take into account affective attachment, adequate assimilation with role application, cohesion, flexibility and communication among family members. These factors must be identified, socialized and tried to be improved or eliminated so that they do not affect the family functionality in its bio-psycho social aspect that is translated in the alteration of the forms and lifestyles reflected in the fulfillment or not of the Basic functions of each family. The economic function is applied in order to get the good administration of monetary resources that guarantee the conservation, well-being and the adequate level of family life. The educational function generates the transmission of historical -social experiences of daily life, the transmission of ethical, moral values, derived from principles, norms and regulations that are obtained from the heart of each family, translating into the individual personality The affective function is the link where basic brotherly love is created in every relationship. The reproductive function is applied to the reproduction and healthy coexistence of each couple.Item "Factores de riesgo preconcepcionales asociados a la interculturalidad. Parroquia Salasaca. Enero – Diciembre 2016"(Universidad Técnica de Ambato.- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud .- Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Torres Paredes,Verónica Imelda Md.; Soler Santana,Raxsy Dra. Esp.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction: Maternal mortality is a major public health problem worldwide. Timely detection of preconception reproductive risk factors, with intercultural approach allows early comprehensive care of women of childbearing age. Objective: To determine the preconception risk factors in women of childbearing age Salasaca, January to December 2015. Method: An observational research was conducted descriptive cross. The study population consisted of 260 women of childbearing age, who met the inclusion criteria, belonging to the communities Center, Zanjaloma Alto and Bajo de la Salasaca parish. Results: It was observed that the predominant age group in women aged 20 to 34 with 58.5%, preponderating indigenous with 43.5%; schooling at the primary level stood with 71.9%, with the highest percentage of indigenous; the women engaged in household chores led with 29.2%, being higher among indigenous; the average economic situation prevailed for 80.0%. It was found that the intergenesic risk period with 55.8%, followed by multiparity and abortion to repeat with 44.2 and 28.8% respectively, were the unfavorable risk factors that prevailed, with rheumatoid arthritis personal pathological history that prevailed with 35.3% ; and as toxic habits, alcohol consumption stood for 14.6%.