Ciencias de la Salud
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Item DETERMINACIÓN DE COLINESTERASA SÉRICA EN AGRICULTORES EXPUESTOS A ORGANOFOSFORADOS DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-02-25) Toalombo Caisa, Jennifer Johanna; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe use of pesticides, essential for increasing agricultural productivity, has been crucial since the 20th century to ensure food security in the face of population growth. Among these, organophosphates stand out for their high toxicity and widespread use, particularly in developing countries. Exposure to organophosphate pesticides is a critical issue for the health of agricultural workers, as it is associated with the inhibition of serum cholinesterase. The aim of this research was to evaluate serum cholinesterase levels as an indicator of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers from the Santa Rosa parish and to analyze the associated risk factors. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, and analytical approach. The sample included 53 farmers selected based on inclusion criteria. A colorimetric method was used to measure serum cholinesterase, and structured surveys were employed to gather information on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and agricultural practices. The data were analyzed using statistical tests such as correlations and chi-square tests. The results showed that 9.4% of the farmers had a decrease in serum cholinesterase activity, associated with unsafe practices such as inadequate use of PPE (41.51%) and a high frequency of spraying (25.81%). It was concluded that prolonged exposure to organophosphates affects the health of farmers, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring of serum cholinesterase and training programs on safe agricultural practices. The proposal of this study is to implement surveillance systems and promote the proper use of PPE to reduce associated risks.Item LA EXPOSICIÓN A ORGANOFOSFORADOS Y CARBAMATOS EN AGRICULTORES DEL CANTÓN PALORA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Abad Defaz, Jenifer Alexandra; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabiela PaolaExposure to organophosphates and carbamates raises concerns about potent ia l negative health effects for agricultural workers. When analyzing the serum cholinesterase enzyme and the transaminases aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), variation in factors associated with enzyme deterioration could be found. The objective of the research was to evaluate risk factors, poisoning and possible liver damage due to exposure to organophosphates and carbamates in farmers in the canton of Palora. This study had a longitudin a l, observational, prospective and prolective approach. The sample was selected in a nonprobabilistic way using inclusion and exclusion criteria, for this study 30 agricult u ra l workers between 22 and 35 years of age from the canton of Palora were include d. Laboratory parameters such as cholinesterase and AST and ALT were analyze d through spectrophotometry techniques. For the data analysis, statistical tests such as Pearson's correlation were included, and an ANOVA analysis of variance was also performed for both quantitative and qualitative variables. The results showed a significant increase in cholinesterase concentrations in farmers exposed to pestici d es, indicating possible health effects. It was found that the concentrations of cholinesterase and transaminases, AST, and ALT, when compared with each of the risk factors, analyzing the population environment, it was deduced that being a population that has a non-frequent and rotating exposure, a temporary intoxication is perceived, which generates negative association values and, in some cases, positive. It was concluded that exposure to organophosphates and carbamates affects the health of farmers, highlighting the importance of monitoring liver health and promoting the proper use of protective equipment.Item Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana en una comunidad de agricultores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-13) Vargas Sunta, Ivan Francisco; Moyano Calero, WillianThe development of agriculture and the maintenance of crops is accompanied by activities that require not only physical effort, but also hours of continuous exposure to chemical products that can have effects on people's health. Many times, the risk is not only due to exposure, but there are factors such as ignorance that make it difficult for this work activity to be carried out adequately. The objective is to analyze the effects of pesticides on human health in a community of farmers. The methodology used for this study was qualitative, carried out between the months of May and June 2022 with a total of 40 farmers from the Canton Quero province of Tungurahua. A semi-structured interview was applied, through which it was found that exposure to pesticides does have a great impact on the health of farmers, so that signs and symptoms suggestive of intoxication develop. The technical ignorance of the use and management of pesticides is a determining factor for the development of symptoms with the greatest impact on health, the deficiency in the use of personal protection equipment aggravates the scenario of each farmer and the neurological symptoms are the ones that more are repeated among the individuals interviewed.Item Revisión sistemática del efecto y toxicidad el dióxido de cloro en la salud de la población de latinoamérica durante la pandemia COVID-19(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Aragón Yela, Zuley Biverly; Solís Sánchez, María Ilusión, MSc. Qf.In Latin America, self-medication is a common practice. During the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, considered a global health emergency that collapsed health care and management systems, the use of over-the-counter medications increased greatly as a strategy to treat signs and symptoms; among the most used products was chlorine dioxide, even though the possible toxic effects were unknown. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the effect and toxicity of chlorine dioxide on the health of the Latin American population during the covid-19 pandemic to alert about its potential danger in the health area. Methodology: A literature review was carried out using Boolean operators in both Spanish and English in different databases such as Scielo, Elsevier, Medline, Redalyc, Google Scholar, LILACS, PubMed; the international guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews were followed. Results: Several studies demonstrate the toxicity generated by chlorine dioxide during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining Ecuador as the main Latin American country with the highest number of cases of intoxication, information correlated with international public health organizations. Conclusions. It is concluded that there is currently no scientific evidence to support the use of chlorine dioxide or derivatives to prevent or treat COVID-19.Item “Intoxicación fatal por órgano fosforado de tipo de profenofos, secundaria a intento autolítico”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Medicina, 2018-10-01) Vargas Arboleda, Paola Estefanía; Sunta Ruíz, Mario Leopoldo Dr. Esp.According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), intoxication by cholinesterase inhibitors is one of the most frequent methods of autolytic attempts, especially in developing countries, where autolytic intentionality is 73%. The WHO has reported that approximately 5 million people suffer from poisoning due to different agrotoxins annually; estimating that about 900,000 people die from this figure; where 99% of those affected live in developing countries. With respect to the countries belonging to South America, Ecuador ranks fourth in the use of cholinesterase inhibiting compounds in Latin America. These compounds are widely used worldwide, both in agricultural and domestic activities; and because they are very liposoluble compounds, they are absorbed by all exposure routes. The oral route is important in voluntary and accidental exposures; the dermal, the conjunctival and the inhalatory, in occupational exposures. The mechanism of action of these substances is the irreversible inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, causing a cholinergic syndrome, with the consequent muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system effects. Within this group of compounds is Profenofos, an organophosphorus insecticide / acaricide, whose toxicity is based on the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, causing the accumulation of acetylcholine in the neuronal and neuromuscular synapses. The present Clinical Case Analysis has been developed through a descriptive investigation based on Epidemiology and Public Health, reviewing the Clinical History of a patient with phosphorus organ poisoning of the Profenofos type, secondary to an autolytic attempt of the Ambato General Teaching Hospital, same that goes to the service of Emergency to receive the therapeutic measures and of necessary handling for the recovery of the picture; despite which the patient dies within a few hours of admission.Item Factores laborales asociados a la Intoxicación crónica por inhibidores de la Colinesterasa en trabajadores agrícolas de San Vicente, Cantón Quero 2015-2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Robalino Travez, Teresa LilianaMd.; Sunta Ruiz Dr. Esp, Mario LeopoldoIntroduction: A global pesticide use has increased, which implies a risk for the working population, but unfortunately did not use the correct protective equipment that relates for lack of knowledge, so that there is direct exposure. So the World Health Organization estimates that worldwide more than 750,000 people would present some kind of chronic effect by being in contact with pesticides Objective: To identify factors related to occupational chronic exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors in farm workers, San Vicente, Quero 2015-2016. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study presents the universe of study constituted 200 farm workers took a sample of 97 but only 78 met the inclusion criteria. Results: It was noted that there is a misuse of pesticides by lack of information and training in 67% of agricultural workers. Protective equipment used boots were 100%, 20.5% mask and gloves 3.8%. In addition low levels of erythrocyte cholinesterase was identified in 84.4% of men and 39.9% in women, exposure time in years and the frequency of use is directly proportional; therefore the longer and more often exposed percent have low values. By analyzing neurological, neuropsychological and cognitive disorders, both men and women had involvement at all scale