Ciencias de la Salud
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIO-METABÓLICOS EN ADULTOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Lopez Panata, Erika Pamela; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaObesity and overweight are cardiometabolic factors that increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles; these health issues have been declared global epidemics. Objective: To determine cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults in a rural Ecuadorian population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Pisacha neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador, from May to August 2024. Using an observational and descriptive approach, 48 individuals aged 20 to 64 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, fasting and occasional glucose levels (measured by glucometer), two blood pressure readings, and the risk factor questionnaire created by the Mexican National Secretariat were administered. Results: The analysis shows that men predominate in the 20–44 age group, while women are more common in the 45–64 age group. Obesity is more prevalent among women, and overweight among men. Sixty-five percent of respondents do not exercise regularly, and optimal blood pressure is more frequent in men aged 20–44. Additionally, 46% of those with overweight and obesity present positive casual glycemia results. Conclusions: Overweight is more common in men than in women, while physical inactivity is one of the most concerning factors, as most respondents engage in little or no exercise, with higher prevalence among women. Higher age and obesity are associated with borderline blood pressures, and overweight and obesity predispose individuals to positive casual glycemia results.Item INSTRUMENTO PARA LA VALORACIÓN DE LA ACTUACIÓN DE LOS PROFESIONALES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD: HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Tutasig Vargas, Maritza Elizabeth; López Pérez, Grace PamelaIntroduction: Blood hypertension (HTA) is a disorder in which blood vessels persistently have high blood pressure and affects more than 1280 million adults in the world. Objective: Design and measure the reliability of an instrument to evaluate the performance of nursing professionals in primary health care: arterial hypertension Method: Quantitative approach, experimental design, descriptive and transversal. Development of an instrument to determine its reliability and validity of content. The sample used for the evaluation of internal reliability was composed of 10 patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension who are treated in health centers in zone 3 belonging to the province of Cotopaxi of Salcedo canton who agreed to collaborate with the investigation, check the comprehension of the questions and the operation of the instrument. Internal consistency was determined by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Results: Experts on the topic of arterial hypertension evaluated the relevance, relevance, and clarity of the 20 items divided into 4 dimensions, qualifying them as applicable. The internal consistency of Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.96, which shows that the formulation of the items is reasonable, satisfactorily defined and is adequate in the presence of the questionnaire. Conclusions. The results obtained to evaluate the instrument and the application of the pilot were adequate. This instrument is valid and reliable, which justifies its use in research. The instrument is easy and quick to apply, allowing to know the perception of hypertensive patients about the care received by the nursing staff in the PHC.Item Impacto de los factores ambientales en la aparición de preeclampsia grave (Revisión de la literatura)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-09-01) Martínez Quinteros, Andrea Soledad; Belalcázar Sánchez, Yajaira Monserrath, DraPreeclampsia is a vascular placental pathology that affects around 5% of all pregnant women worldwide, characterized by the presence of high blood pressure and proteinuria from the 20th week of gestation. It represents the fourth cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and, in turn, is one of the main causes of induced prematurity and intrauterine fetal growth restriction. Currently, climate change is a fact that must be taken into account within the risk factors in the development of various pathologies, which allows health professionals to develop skills and attitudes in the field of climate change. Seasonal and climatic factors seem to be involved in the development of this pathology, however, there are insufficient studies that examine all individual, socioeconomic and environmental factors, including the meteorological or climatic variant, as influential factors in the development of severe preeclampsia. The seasonality of preeclampsia has been observed at the time of delivery by different studies carried out in regions with different climatic and economic conditions. The present work will consist of a systematic review of the available bibliography in scientific journal publications with a good level of evidence of publications made in the last 10 years, in Spanish, English and French languages. Information will be collected from databases such as Medline, Intra Med, PubMed, The Cochrane, SciELO, Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL), BASE, Scinapse, Semantic Scholar, among others. In addition, bibliographic data and citations of scientific articles and degree works available in the virtual library of the Technical University of Ambato and in universities at an international level will be included, taking the line of research belonging to Human Health itself that corresponds to the Domain of Food Systems, Nutrition and Health of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato.Item Grados de retinopatía en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial en el primer nivel de atención(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-03-01) Mantilla Alvear, Andrés Esteban Md.; Oviedo Guarderas, Nelson Edmundo Dr. Esp.Item Efectos de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en adultos mayores conhipertensión arterial de la parroquia Pasa 2021(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-02-01) Sánchez Bonilla, Sofía Silvana Lcda, Ft.; Romero Rodríguez, María Gabriela Lcda. Ft. MgHigh blood pressure is considered one of the most serious chronic diseases worldwide, as it causes serious damage to the body and even death. The most affected organs are usually the heart and the brain, often leaving irreparable sequelae, which cause functional limitations and even disabilities, becoming a social health problem, which requires timely attention. Cardiac rehabilitation programs are responsible for preventing injuries associated with hypertension that are related to exercise, education and changes in the lifestyle of this population. Therefore, in this study it was proposed to determine the effects of the cardiac rehabilitation program in older adults with arterial hypertension of the Pasa 2021 parish; Through the design and application of the program, where the physiological parameters of PA, HR, and Sat O2 were measured, and the Sit to Stand and Borg Scale tests to measure tolerance to exercise, before and after the intervention. The results revealed that all the patients maintained the physiological parameters within normality throughout the program, presenting only significant variations in the Sit to Stand tests and the Borg scale (p = 0.000). Concluding that the cardiac rehabilitation program in hypertensive older adults contributes to maintaining the physiological levels of PA, HR and SatO2 within normality.Item Plan de intervención cardiorrespiratorio mediante fitball en pacientes adultos hipertensos que acuden a consulta externa del hospital básico Sigchos(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-02-01) Gutiérrez Pérez, María Luisa Lcda, Ft.; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía, Lcda, Ft. Mg.Hypertension is a chronic disease that causes high rates of death worldwide, as it is primary to cerebrovascular diseases that are often fatal, the first treatment of choice is pharmacological, which despite its benefits on blood pressure levels, it also causes many side effects; the development and alternative therapeutic interventions that contribute to improving the quality of life and increasing the life expectancy of this population are essential. Thus, in this research, it was proposed to design a cardiorespiratory intervention plan using fitball in hypertensive adult patients who attend the HBS. For this, a bibliographic review of the scientific literature was initially carried out, from which 5 articles were obtained that fulfilled the descriptors, and the inclusion-exclusion criteria, in this way the cardiorespiratory plan was structured through the use of the fitball, with a duration of 3 months, frequency 3 times a week and sessions of 30 minutes. This plan was validated by experts and quantified with a content validation coefficient (CVCt) of 1.00 after the corrections suggested by the experts. The plan was then shared with interested professionals who generally indicated that they were partially and totally satisfied with the plan. Therefore, it is concluded that the cardiorespiratory intervention plan through fitball in hypertensive adult patients who attend the HBS, is valid and applicable to reduce blood pressure levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients.Item Determinantes socioculturales relacionados con el desarrollo de depresión en el adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y/o hipertensión arterial(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Molina Vargas, Lucía del Rocío Md.; Cárdenas Naranjo, Vicente Hernán Dr. Esp.In Primary Health Care, the Family Physician is the fundamental pillar in the comprehensive care of the individual, family and community in all stages of life. Faced with the increase in older adults worldwide, the WHO affirms that this age group currently represents 11% of the world population and projects that by 2050 they will represent 22% of the total population in the world. Aging is proportional to the appearance of non-communicable chronic diseases in the elderly, generating a real public health problem. Therefore, it has been seen the need to carry out the present investigation in this age group, whose objective was to establish the relationship between sociocultural determinants and depression in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension in the central and southern Zumbalica neighborhood in 2020. The research had a cross-sectional, analytical, observational quantitative approach. Universe of 103 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension residing in the central and southern Zumbalica neighborhood. Sample represented by 100 older adults who met the inclusion criteria. A survey was applied which included questions on the sociocultural aspect, the Batalla, Morisky Green tests and the Yesavage geriatric depression scale. The results were that 81% of the older adults studied have depression; being is more frequent in older adults with DM and HTA together. The determinants that are strongly related to depression were sex, marital status, educational instruction, occupation, coexistence, adequate knowledge of the disease and adherence to treatment. In conclusion, sociocultural determinants have a positive relationship in the development of depression in the elderly with DM and / or HTA.Item Calidad de vida y funcionalidad familiar en pacientes con hipertensión arterial(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Carrillo Bayas, Gabriela Patricia Md.; Edwin Patricio , Llerena Guachambala Dr. Esp.Hypertension is a chronic, polygenic and multifactorial disease, which is defined as uncontrolled if the blood pressure values are ≥ 140/90 mmHg in all patients between 18 and 60 years and if the systolic blood pressure is ≥150 mmHg in patients> 60 years. Because there are hypertensive patients who do not meet the blood pressure goals and therefore have a higher risk of complications, previous research has determined that when a person suffers from some type of chronic disease, the evolution and response to treatment depends on the functioning family, we have seen the need to investigate this association. When talking about health we have to consider it as a process where the active participation of the individual, the family and the community is necessary. In 1976 a group of WHO experts defined family health as the health of all members in terms of effective family functioning. Communication, affectivity, development, adaptability, emotional, financial and information support are essential functions that have a positive effect on health recovery.Item Estrés emocional factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas: caso de estudio parroquia Tanicuchi - Ecuador(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Acosta Gavilánez, Roberto Iván Md.; López Guerrero. Md Esp., Ana AbigailThe research focused on determining whether emotional stress is a risk factor for the appearance of chronic diseases in the age group between 25 and 65 years old belonging to the Tanicuchi parish in the Lasso neighborhood. The methodology applied in the present investigation has a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach, in addition, it had an inductive and analytical investigation and also had a descriptive scope. For the research, the population registered in the Lasso Health Center was considered, patients between 25 to 65 years old who belong to the Tanicuchi parish, on the other hand, the sample was determined based on the research needs, it was determined to 98 patients from 25 to 65 years old belonging to the Tanicuchi parish. The relationship between chronic diseases and the presence of the stressor is obtained as a result, considering a p value of 0.890, a significance value greater than 0.05, to conclude, it is concluded that there is no significant value between the study variables, thus understanding that emotional stress is not a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases.Item "Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en adultos mayores en áreas urbanas y rurales del cantón Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2020-07-01) Peñaherrera López, Lizbeth Andrea; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia Dra. Ph.D.This research was focus to determine risk factors and prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in older adults in urban and rural areas of Ambato city during March 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020. This research was part of daily care, mainly in primary care centers where apparently healthy old adults went some hours per day. It was a qualitative, descriptive study. 173 patients participate and had a checkup medical consultation. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 14.45% in the studied areas in the Ambato city. It was more frequently found in those people over 80 years old. Also, it was found that 40% of the patients with hypertension had high blood pressure grade II according to the AHA /ACC 2017 classification. The highest risk factor for hypertension patients were the absence of treatment adherence. This is part of a complex economic and social situation which can deteriorate the prognosis for older adults.