Ciencias de la Salud
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Item CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SALMONELLA SPP. Y SHIGELLA SPP. EN TRABAJADORES DEL GOBIERNO PROVINCIAL DE TUNGURAHUA(2026-07-02) Escobar Espinoza, María Belén; López Acuña, Mario Daniel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThis study, entitled “Characterization of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in Workers of the Provincial Government of Tungurahua,” analyzed 60 fecal samples using microbiological isolation, bacterial identification, and antibiogram with the VITEK 2 automated system. The results showed a Salmonella spp. frequency of 6.67% (4/60), while no Shigella spp. isolates were detected (0%). Analysis of associated factors revealed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of Salmonella spp. and work performance in the livestock sector, as well as with direct and frequent contact with swine and cattle. The identification of Salmonella spp. in workers with frequent contact with livestock is a finding of public health relevance, as these animals can act as natural reservoirs. Continuous exposure to animals, manure, and contaminated surfaces, along with the inadequate use of personal protective equipment, increases the risk of intestinal colonization.Item PARASITOSIS INTESTINALES EN PARROQUIAS RURALES DEL CANTÓN PELILEO, TUNGURAHUA(2026-07-01) Punina Narváez, Nadia Escarleth; De la Torre Fiallos, Ana Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntestinal parasitosis remains an important public health problem, particularly among vulnerable populations such as older adults. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis, identify the most frequent parasitic species, and analyze associated risk factors among older adults from the rural parishes of García Moreno and Benítez in Pelileo, Ecuador. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 70 older adults. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using direct stool examination, serial stool samples, and the Faust concentration technique. Additionally, a structured survey was applied to assess sociodemographic, environmental, and hygiene-related risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections. The results revealed an intestinal parasitosis prevalence of 82.85%. The most frequently identified species were Entamoeba coli (38%), Blastocystis spp. (23%), Endolimax nana (21%), Chilomastix mesnili (9%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar complex (8%), and Giardia lamblia (1%). Several risk factors related to hygiene practices, environmental exposure, and animal contact were identified. It is concluded that intestinal parasitosis shows a high prevalence in the studied population, highlighting the need to strengthen health education, prevention, and control strategies targeted at older adults living in rural communities.Item CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ENTEROBACTERALES CON BETALACTAMASAS DE ESPECTRO EXTENDIDO EN INFECCIONES URINARIAS DE ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA UNIDAD DE SALUD DE PELILEO(2026-02-03) Guamanquispe Rojano, Ana Elizabeth; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in urinary tract infections (UTI) in elderly adults, has become a growing challenge. These infections can be especially severe due to underlying risk factors and a weakened immune system. This study aimed to characterize Enterobacterales spp. with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases ESBL in urinary infections of elderly adults at the Pelileo Health Unit. Urine samples were collected from a total of 80 patients attending the health unit during the established period. The samples were processed using conventional microbiological methods, susceptibility testing, and molecular detection of ESBL genes via conventional PCR. The results showed that the most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, found in 53.13% (17/32) of the isolated cases, followed by K. oxytoca 21.88%, K. pneumoniae 18.75%, and K. aerogenes 3.13%, in addition to the less frequent characterization of Providencia rettgeri at 3.1%. The susceptibility profile demonstrated resistance to beta-lactams in 15.63% (5/32) of the isolated strains, and molecular identification confirmed that the resistance mechanisms are primarily encoded by the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. This study provides relevant data for local epidemiological surveillance, underscores the necessity for infection control associated with risk factors related to patient self-care, and proposes preventive strategies aimed at reducing the community dissemination of multi-resistant strains within the population.Item PREVENCIÓN DE CAÍDAS EN ADULTOS MAYORES: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-10-16) Guamantaqui Vargas, Selena Abigail; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIThis research has as its main objective to provide a detailed explanation of the risk factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that play an important role in the increase in incidents of falls among the elderly population, certain intrinsic factors consist of sensory, physical and cognitive disabilities that accompany the aging process, while extrinsic factors include the environment in which they develop and medications that could aggravateItem IMPACTO DE LA NUTRICIÓN EN EL NEURODESARROLLO DE LA PRIMERA INFANCIA(2025-10-06) Toapanta Llugsha, Gladys Araceli; Machado Gacitúa, Johana Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaCurrently, childhood malnutrition, which involves neurodevelopment, affects 1 in 3 children under 5 years of age in the world, with devastating consequences on their neurological development, causing permanent damage to the infant's cognitive capacity, motor skills, and emotional development, negatively influencing their quality of life. The objective of this article is to collect and analyze scientific articles about the impact of nutrition on neurodevelopment in early childhood in order to determine the risk factors that affect neurodevelopment. The results show that malnutrition negatively impacts children's neurological development, thus impairing academic performance. At the same time, insufficient intake of iron, vitamins B12, B6, and other micronutrients, as well as macronutrients, disrupts brain development. Breastfeeding, along with a balanced diet in the first years of life, promotes proper neurodevelopment. While breastfeeding, along with a balanced diet in the first years of life, promotes proper neurodevelopment. However, socioeconomic factors, maternal education, and health conditions influence children's nutrition, so it is recommended that children receive an adequate energy intake throughout the day, in addition to access to healthy foods, to achieve better physical and mental development.Item CUIDADO S DE ENFERMERÍA Y TRATAMIENTO EN PACIENTES CON ÚLCERAS KENNEDY-REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-10-01) Espin Villalva, Evelin Micaela; Macías Ferreiro, Karina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Kennedy ulcers are a type of pressure injury (PPI) that manifests at the end of life. Objective: To present important aspects for the management of nursing care and treatment of Kennedy ulcers, a bibliographic review was conducted. Method: The search was conducted in a database using key terms. The PRISMA method was applied to select the articles. From 1384 initial results, 39 articles were selected. Results: The results reveal that hypoperfusion is the predominant factor for the progression to a Kennedy ulcer. In treatment, addressing underlying pathologies and pain control improve the patient's quality of life. To achieve healing, larval therapy and ozone therapy emerge in scientific evidence due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cell regeneration properties. Nursing care should establish preventive, curative, and palliative care. Conclusions: In conclusion, in Kennedy ulcers, the assessment of risk factors is important for the approach to treatment. The use of innovative methods such as maggot therapy and ozone therapy can contribute to healing. Nursing care is essential for achieving quality of life.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA EL DESARROLLO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA CARRERA DE ENFERMERÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO(2025-10-01) Carrillo Gavilanes, Axel Israel; Heredia Nugra, Soraya Margoth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with a global impact. University students are particularly vulnerable, as they adopt unhealthy habits such as a sedentary lifestyle, high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets, and stress during their academic studies. Objective: To identify and analyze risk factors for T2DM in sixth-semester nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitativ e approach was conducted. Thirty-four university students participated, selected using purposive non-probability sampling. A structured questionnaire was used, physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and capillary blood glucose were taken. Results: 17.6% of the students presented values compatible with prediabetes, although none had a previous diagnosis of T2DM. Among the modifiable factors, 32.4% were overweight, 2.9% obese, 23.5% high blood pressure, and 20.6% had an elevated waist circumference . Conclusions: The sample showed a homogeneous sociodemographic profile, predominantly young, single, mixed-race women. Although without a previous diagnosis of T2DM, 17.6% were at risk for prediabetes, demonstrating early metabolic vulnerability in this group. This finding underscores the need for preventive intervention through the promotion of healthy lifestyles among university students.Item PREVALENCIA DE ENFERMEDADES NO TRANSMISIBLES Y CRÓNICO DEGENERATIVAS EN EL CANTÓN QUERO(2025-09-30) Aguilar Apo, Gladys Juliana; Analuisa Jiménez, Eulalia Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaMethodology: Due to the nature of the variables of the formulated problem, the present research is of quantitative, observational, descriptive and crosssectional cohort design. The population will be 110 patients between those who attend the type C health center Quero and patients who will be visited at home. In addition, they meet the inclusion criteria in the proposed period. Results: The data indicate that 90.9% (100 people) of those surveyed have undergone a blood pressure evaluation performed by a health professional, and that 22.7% (25 people) have received a diagnosis of hypertension, of which 20.9% (5 people) are currently receiving pharmacological treatment. 10.9% or 12 people have been diagnosed with diabetes and 8.2% (9 people) are undergoing medical intervention. Regarding cholesterol levels, 12.7% (14 people) were diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, although no specific therapeutic measures were documented. Finally, only 0.9% (1 person) of the participants reported having suffered a myocardial infarction or stroke. Conclusions: The most predominant metabolic factors in the study were high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Although most participants had their blood pressure controlled, a considerable percentage were diagnosed with hypertension and are receiving treatment. A smaller proportion reported cases of diabetes and high cholesterol, although treatment for these diseases is limited. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and people's lifestyles. Therefore, it is necessary to implement nutrition and health education programs that promote adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduce salt and sugar intake, and limit alcohol consumption. This also improves access to health services, thereby ensuring that older adults have regular access to medical checkups and appropriate treatment for chronic conditions.Item PREVALENCIA DE MALNUTRICIÓN EN EL ADULTO MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADO DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-06-18) Tipán Villena, Jonathan Josué; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis research paper highlights the prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized older adults in the Ambato canton, focusing on risk factors, dietary intake, and nutritional status. Malnutrition in this age group is a public health problem influenced by socioeconomic, genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, all of which are exacerbated by the growing aging population and inadequate care. Identifying these issues is challenging, as diagnoses are often made too late. The study conducted is cross-sectional with both quantitative and qualitative approaches, evaluating 50 older adults from two institutions through body perimeter measurements, body mass index (BMI), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) survey. The main risks found include social isolation, stress, functional dependency, depression, and poor dietary intake. The results showed that 50% of the population is underweight, 58% are at risk of malnutrition, and 22% are already affected by it, due to insufficient calorie intake and low weight, with no significant correlation with muscle mass or body fat. Malnutrition in older adults is not solely related to the amount of energy consumed, but also to the quality of their diet, physical activity, and emotional support. Therefore, it is recommended to promote physical activity, encourage social and psychological support to ensure a better quality of life for the vulnerable population.Item INTERVENCIÓN NUTRICIONAL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL(2026-06-18) Ocaña Vicente, Edison Nicolás; Zuñiga Sánchez, Valeria Monserrath; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe objective of this article is to investigate updates on nutritional interventions used in the prevention and treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrition in the treatment of Gestational Diabetes focuses mainly on avoiding the development of cardiomebolic complications in the mother and her son or daughter. Nutritional interventions must meet the nutritional requirements required by a woman during pregnancy. The most effective interventions are diets with complex carbohydrates and low glycemic index, Mediterranean diet pattern, myo-inositol supplementation and probiotics. In this way, nutrition is essential in Gestational Diabetes since it controls glucose levels, improves nutritional status and reduces maternal-fetal complications.