Ciencias de la Salud
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Item EL MANEJO DE SÍNTOMAS RESPIRATORIOS EN CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS PARA PACIENTES CON EPOC(2025-06-16) Manzano Pérez Johanna Michelle; Cruz Castillo Yessenia Magaly; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex progessive and irreversible condition of the respiratory system that affects millions of people in the world, in recent years it is disproportionate increase has been predicted, recognizing that many patients do not receive adequate treatment in the final stages of life. Although the potential benefits are recognized, access is deficient, generating uncertainty for those who require this intervention. Objetives: We analyzed updated scientific evidence on the management of respiratory symptoms in patients with advanced COPD in need of palliative care. Material and methods: A review of the literature was carried out, including scientific articles, systematic reviews and metaanalyses of the last 5 years, as well as documents from scientific societies with expertise in the subject, through scientific databases of impact such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. Results: Four studies were included which deduced the importance and individual benefit of palliative care in relation to symptom buerden, probability of hospitalization and mortaly, as well as level of quality of life. Conclusion: Palliative care is a tool for symptomatic, emotional and social support according to the eligibility criteria individuals with advanced COPD can benefit from this type of therapy, however, it is limited scope generates a challenge in its implementation.Item Entrenamiento Respiratorio y sus efectos en el índice Bodex en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica(2025-03-17) Carvajal Escobar, María Belén; Sandoval Velásquez, Gloria Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosRespiratory training has emerged as a crucial strategy in the management of chronic respiratory diseases, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This therapeutic approach aims to optimize lung function and improve quality of life through specific breathing techniques and physical exercise. The effectiveness of respiratory training can be evaluated using the BODE index, a comprehensive tool that measures the severity of COPD and its impact on patient health. Given the details outlined above, respiratory training can positively influence the components of the BODE index, providing a clear understanding of its benefits and its role in the treatment of COPD. Objective: To determine the impact of respiratory training on the BODE index in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Methods: To comprehensively evaluate the status of COPD, the BODE index was used. Lung function was measured using spirometry, while PImax was used to assess the strength of the inspiratory muscles and the elastic recoil of the lung tissue. Additionally, BMI was calculated considering the height and weight of each patient. Various scales, such as the mMRC, were used to assess dyspnea, and vital signs were monitored both at the beginning and at the end of respiratory training. Results: Respiratory training can lead to an improvement in the BODE index, with reductions in dyspnea symptoms and increased functional capacity. Patients showed an improvement in quality of life, a greater ability to perform daily activities, and a decrease in COPD exacerbations. Conclusions: Respiratory training represents an effective intervention for improving the BODE index and, consequently, the quality of life in patients with COPD. The implementation of respiratory training programs should be considered as an integral part of the management of COPD, with the aim of improving lung function, reducing dyspnea, and enhancing exercise capacity, contributing to better overall health and well-being of patients.Item ANÁLISIS DE LA VELOCIDAD DE LA MARCHA EN PACIENTES CON EPOC(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27) Santafé Caiza, Alison Nicole; Latta Sanchez, María AugustaThe article reviews the importance of gait speed analysis in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a chronic respiratory disease that causes airflow obstruction and has significant impacts on quality of life and mortality. Walking abilit y is closely related to overall physical function and health, and in COPD patients, dyspnea and fatigue can affect their ability to walk, thus influencing their quality of life. The clinical relevance of this analysis is emphasized as it provides information on physica l function, exercise, and disease prognosis. Additionally, the results of a comprehens i v e literature review examining how gait speed correlates with disease severity, exercis e capacity, and quality of life in COPD patients are discussed. The findings suggest that higher real-world gait speed may be associated with a lower risk of severe exacerbatio ns , highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker and its relevance in the development of therapeutic interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving physica l function and quality of life in COPD patients.Item EOSINOFILIA, UN BIOMARCADOR DE IMPORTANCIA EN LA ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA (EPOC).(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Freire Ramos, Erick Alexander; Barba Guzmán, Carmen VariñaEvidence supports that the use of biomarkers to guide COPD treatment is necessary to improve patients' quality of life; However, it does not become an easy task since it brings together different characteristics such as its reliability, its ease of measurement and its relevance within the different EPOC processes. Objective: Determine the importance of eosinophilia as a biomarker in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methodology: It is a retrospective descriptive study of a bibliographic nature. An exhaustive search of scientific articles was carried out, such as bibliographic review, cohort and control studies, systematic and bibliographic review, and meta-analysis, in the languages of Spanish and English, using medical information databases; Scielo, Pubmed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar and Medline. Results: Through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles have been collected that gather the most relevant information about eosinophilia as a biomarker in Chronic Obstructive Disease. Conclusions: Several authors agree that, although eosinophilia cannot be taken as a reference for diagnosis and determining the severity of COPD symptoms, it can be used to guide treatment and as a predictor of exacerbations in the different stages of the pathology.Item Asociación entre el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-10-05) Urbina Salazar, Bryan Anthony; Arias Calvache, Washington DavidCurrently, electronic cigarettes are freely marketed as a less harmful substitute for regular cigarettes, however, the association between their use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been thoroughly studied, lung toxicity it is the most frequent, since the lung is the main site of exposure to aerosols such as electronic cigarettes. COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, this document describes the relationship between the use of cigarettes and the presence of the disease among other factors. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that exposure to ecigarettes triggers an inflammatory response similar to that seen with conventional cigarette smoke, leading to the onset of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD.Item Covid 19 en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC).(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-01) Estevez Angulo, Andrés Roberto; Romo López, Ángel Geovanny Dr. Esp.Introduction: Since the outbreak in China of SARSCOV-2, which gave rise to what is now known as the COVID-19 pandemic, which today continues to add multiple variants which tend to be more virulent than the past, that is why diseases such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is considered one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide is the cause of severe COVID-19 symptoms due to exacerbation of symptoms and worsening of the target organ such as the lung and its respiratory annexes, causing a degree of morbidity and mortality higher than in COVID patients who do not have COPD. Objective: This article attempts to summarize, analyze, and describe the complications, symptoms, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with COPD, through a bibliographic review of high-impact scientific literature. 4 Materials and methods: For the realization of this article, several high-impact data sources were taken into account, such as PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, IntraMed, SciELO, WHO, etc., the time range considered was from the year 2020, in English, Spanish and French.Results: 28 scientific articles published in the journals PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus published between April and October 2020 were reviewed. Conclusion: The SARSCoV-2 virus directly affects people who have underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which, being one of the most common in terms of chronic diseases, and patients with COPD have ACE-2 expression in the bronchial epithelial cells in the lower part of the respiratory tract, which is used by SARSCoV-2 to infect the host, therefore these types of patients tend to have more complications than patients who do not have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Item Ejercicios aeróbicos interválicos en el estado de salud de pacientes con EPOC(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-02-01) Benavides Mayo Lic., Yajaira Nataly; Espin Pastor , Victoria Estefanía Lic. Mg.The present investigation was carried out on patients from the General Hospital of Latacunga (HPGL), whose main objective is to determine the immediate effects of interval aerobic exercises on the health status of patients with COPD. The COPD is a disorder characterized by having a chronic limitation in airflow with persistent symptoms such as dyspnea, cough ad spectoration. The study corresponds to a quali- quantitative approach because the data and measurements that were obtained were through numerical values and words, of a cross-sectional type, because the data are collected once and of a quasi-experimental level since it was carried out a single group. The population consisted of 30 people, who, through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, remained 8 participants who were applied the IAS (interval aerobic exercise) and the acute cardiovascular effects were analyzed by spirometry and telemetry. The investigation was completed by demonstrating that with IAS there is less flow limitation, an increase in lung capacity and an increase in the caliber of the airways that translates into less obstruction without the presence of bronchospasm during the intervention.Item “Evaluación de la intervención fisioterapéutica en individuos que presentan EPOC en el hospital regional Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Fisica, 2017-07-01) Miranda López, Daniela Estefanía; Ortiz Miranda, Paola GabrielaLcda. Mg.This research aims to assess the physiotherapy intervention in individuals with COPD in function at the time of recovery, in the hospitals of study during the year 2016 through the use of a standardized protocol. The methodology used was framed in frontier research since the researcher "acclimatized" with the subject or object of study and evidence concepts and definitions, and also the descriptive research because it helped to know the current status of people with COPD, and that it can relate the weather. The study population were 119 patients who attended the teaching Hospital, Ambato with a diagnosis of COPD, as well as the health professional responsible for the physiotherapy intervention of patients with this Protocol. Within the relevant findings of the research were habits such as smoking and cooking on firewood, another important aspect to note is that patients are subsequent, in addition it was found that the evaluation of Physiotherapeutic intervention in individuals with COPD, not goes hand in hand with a standardized protocol for the well-being of hospitalizedItem “Prevalencia de afecciones respiratorias en el servicio de medicina física y rehabilitación del hospital IESS Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Fisica, 2017-07-01) Villegas Benavides, Luis Fernando; Paola Gabriela, Ortiz Villalba Lic. Mg.This research has been carried out with the objective of determining the "Prevalence of respiratory diseases in the physical medicine and rehabilitation service of the IESS Ambato Hospital". This research is of great importance at the World level because hundreds of people every day suffer the Respiratory disease. Respiratory diseases are diseases that compromise the lung and respiratory tract, present with a persistent cough, shortness of breath, respiratory secretions are the most frequent symptoms, whose intensity varies from one person to another, according to the disease in question, Their degree of severity and time of evolution. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (EPOC) is one of the most prevalent respiratory pathologies, characterized by destruction of the alveolar wall and narrowing of the bronchioles, retention of mucous secretions, and weakness of the respiratory muscles.