Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Resistencia antimicrobiana de microrganismos prevalentes en abscesos periodontales en pacientes pediátricos de 6 a 12 años que acuden al consultorio de especialidades odontológicas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-01) Velastegui Peñaloza, Teresa Consuelo Licenciada; Moina Veloz Medico Especialista, Álvaro PaulThis research is about antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms prevalent in periodontal abscesses in pediatric patients aged 6 to 12 years who attend the dental Specialties Office. Periodontal abscess is an oral infection caused by bacteria that destroy the connective tissue, encapsulation of the bacterial infection occurs, causing a serious problem. The microorganisms causing periodontal abscess and susceptibility to antibiotics were identified through phenotypic tests, such as selective cultures to isolate microorganisms present in periodontal abscesses, biochemical tests for their identification and antibiogram for the study of susceptibility. The objective is to determine the antimicrobial resistance behavior of microorganisms prevalent in periodontal abscesses. The research is qualitative and quantitative, non-experimental, prospective, non-parametric, the research process goes through the descriptive level because the study was conducted in pediatric children, and in its relationship the research is correlational by establishing a connection between the identification of prevalent microorganisms in periodontal abscesses and antimicrobial resistance patterns and finally it is prospective. From the 110 analyzed samples of periodontal abscesses of pediatric patients, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus viridans Enterococcus spp were isolated by phenotypic methods. An analysis of the accumulation of susceptibility patterns of prevalent strains was performed. Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the MRSA resistance pattern, Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus viridans resistant to MLSB and Enterococcus spp resistant to ampicillin identified by the antibiogram and it was determined that there is a high prevalence of periodontal abscesses in pediatric patients aged 6 and 7 years. An antimicrobial susceptibility card was developed for the cumulative analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus viridans and Enterococcus spp in periodontal abscesses.Item Determinación del costo del cultivo y antibiograma de secreción vaginal en el laboratorio de análisis bioquímicos y bacteriológicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Remache Molina, Lizbeth Guadalupe; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánBq. F. Mg.Currently, clinical laboratories provide culture and antibiogram services at a relatively low cost. However, the methodology used is manual and it can have human errors that involve an unreliable result. The present investigation was oriented to determine the cost of the culture and antibiogram of vaginal secretion carried out in an automated equipment; under the development of a descriptive, explanatory and documentary methodology. The direct and indirect costs incurred by the laboratory were calculated, obtaining a value of $29.60. The cost of reagents is the one that attributes the highest percentage value, reaching 90% of the total cost of the exam, followed by 7% for labor; these two are considered as direct laboratory costs. 3% for the average indirect laboratory cost that involves equipment, preventive maintenance, calibration and laboratory supplies. The average indirect institutional cost such as electricity and water in the study does not show a significant value, so any change in this item will not be affected to a great extent to the value of the exam. The market study in relation to the laboratory test showed values between $14.00 and $30.00. This diversity occurs because the laboratories carry out the processes manually and only those that are priced between 25 and 30 dollars do so automatically.Item Determinación del costo del cultivo y antibiograma del urocultivo en el laboratorio de análisis bioquímicos y bacteriológicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Guato Castillo, María José; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánThe present research is focused on the analysis of the cost of urine culture and antibiogram of the Laboratory of Biochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of the Technical University of Ambato performed in the automated equipment Vitek 2 compact. The research has a focus on the economic field since the laboratory needed the analysis of the financial field to obtain the value of such examination, in this work the direct and indirect costs were calculated to obtain the value of the urine culture. The analysis of the cost of the urine culture gave a value of $26.62 dollars. The average values for the average direct laboratory costs were $24.80, the average indirect laboratory cost $0.80 and the average indirect institutional cost $0.012. In addition, a field investigation was carried out with the costs and the elaboration of the examination of 28 other laboratories in the provinces of Tungurahua that use similar processing systems but mostly manual, and in this way the unit price of the culture and antibiogram of urine was compared, so it was evidenced that there are prices in the market from 9 dollars to 28 dollars. There is a significant difference between the cost of the local market and the result of the research, since the laboratories perform the test manually and the research performs it in an automated equipment with 98% confidence and in the shortest time.Item Determinación de los costos del cultivo y antibiograma de secreción faríngea en el área de microbiología del laboratorio de análisis bioquímicos y bacteriológicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Alomaliza Tisalema, Yadira Estefanía; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánThe present research project was carried out with the objective of determining the cost of culture and antibiogram of pharyngeal secretion in the Laboratory of Biochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of the Technical University of Ambato. It has a non experimental, investigative and descriptive study method. Through a bibliographic review, data was collected from different sources with a special focus on obtaining the cost of the market in the province of Tungurahua. The costs for the culture and antibiogram of pharyngeal secretion were the result of the sum of direct laboratory costs such as reagents, direct labor and internal and external controls, indirect laboratory costs such as equipment, maintenance and calibration and supplies, institutional indirect costs such as basic services and added 5% for administrative expenses and 10% for profitability. The average values for the average direct laboratory costs were $22.80, the average indirect laboratory cost w as $0.80 and the average indirect institutional cost was $0.012. The total cost of the test was $27.30. The average local market cost for culture and antibiogram of pharyngeal secretion was $16.73. There is a significant difference between the local market cost and the result of the research, since the laboratories perform the test manually and the research performs it on automated equipment with 98% confidence and in the shortest time.Item “Determinación de Salmonella Typhi y su relación a enfermedades diarreicas en los comerciantes del mercado mayorista de la cuidad de Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-05-01) Coba Mejía, Nelson Xavier; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánBqf. Mg.Gastrointestinal diseases are one of the main public health problems in Ecuador. They are transmitted, either by fecal-oral route, or by the consumption of contaminated water or food. Its incidence as its prevalence depends on the socioeconomic level of the patients and mainly affects the child population. The pathogens involved are viruses, parasites and bacteria. The identification of these, in clinical laboratories, focuses on clinical pathogens such as: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Vibrio, Campylobacter and Yersinia. The objective of the present study was to identify S. Typhi, as a causative agent of gastrointestinal infections in wholesale market traders, by means of the Rapid S. Typhi Antigen Test Card immunochromatography test, to verify by biochemical tests the specificity of the test and to establish the profiles of sensitivity and / or resistance presented by the bacterium isolated by antibiogram by the Kirby-Bauer method. Fifty patients were surveyed and the test was performed with Rapid S. Typhi Antigen Test Card immunochromatography in search of S. Typhi. 20% of the samples tested positive for S. typhi. The biochemical tests performed in the media TSI, SIM, Urea, Citrate, Malonate, RM-VP gave 100% positivity for S. Typhi. The antibiogram reflex resistance of 20% of the strains to Ampicillin and 100% sensitivity to Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin + Ac. Clavulanic, Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Ac. Nalidixico and Ceftriaxone. It was established that of the 50 cases of patients with diarrheic processes, only 20% was due to S. Typhi bacteria.Item “Caracterización físicoquímica y bacteriológica de aguas de la laguna de colta de la zona central del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-02-01) López Vargas, Mayra Amanda; Zurita Aucancela, María Fernanda Lic.The objective of the present study is to characterize the physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters, in order to determine the water quality index of Laguna de Colta, for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, it is a sanitary problem for all dwellers What is happening with this sector, for what was proposed in a descriptive and exploratory study, where the bacteria that are present in the water of the Lagunas de Colta were identified? Likewise, the analysis of the physical - chemical parameters was carried out, where water quality was determined for irrigation and agriculture according to TULSMA quality indexes. Through the tests carried out, three bacterial strains were identified, which are: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae are all pathogenic where the WHO says, in which they are sensitive to antibiotics (OFX, CN, CRO, SXT, FEP, AK, FF) in addition to an acquired disease such as AMC-CXM and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed resistance to AMC, determining that it is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase (BLEA) due to the production of a SHV-1 enzyme. Compared with the water quality indexes (ICA), the water of the Colta lagoon represents an average of 50% that indicates that it is in the middle of the contamination, and that it needs a treatment for the seawater in Irrigation.Item Determinación de Agentes Patógenos Causantes de Neumonías y su Relación con Resistencia Bacteriana en la Unidad de cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Docente Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-06-01) Dávila Taco, Víctor Hugo; Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra.This research project's main objective is to determine pathogens causing pneumonia and its relation to bacterial resistance in the Intensive Care Unit of the Teaching Hospital Ambato. The study was conducted by laboratory tests which were the culture and sensitivity by the Kirby Bauer method which is able to verify the hypothesis. The study was conducted in 50 patients with pneumonia in the ICU, which revealed that 39.6% have the bacteria K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae has 37.5%, 14.6% presented S. aureus and 8.3% have P. aeruginosa. It is concluded that K. pneumoniae is resistant to Amoxicillin + ac . Clavulanate with 57.9 % , 47.4 % resistant to imipenem , resistant to Ciprofloxacin 42.1 % , 31.6 % resistant to Piperacillin / Tazobactam , resistant Cefaxitina 26.3% and 10.5% Cefepime and resistant cefotaxime , S. pneumoniae 44.4 % are resistant to clindamycin and imipenem , 38.9 % resistant to Amoxicillin + ac . clavulanic , resistant to cefotaxime 33.3% , 27.8 % resistant to levofloxacin , rifampin resistant 16.7 % and 11.1 % resistant to erythromycin and ceftriaxone , S. aureus 71 , 4 % is resistant to levofloxacin , Gentamicin resistant 57.1 % , 28.6 % resistant to Ciprofloxacin and clindamycin and 14.3 % resistant to Amoxicillin + ac . clavulanate and amikacin and P. aeruginosa 50% is resistant to Gentamicin , cefepime , ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and 25% resistant to ceftazidime , imipenem and meropenem .Item Determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria mediante el Método automatizado y su relación con el Método de Difusión en disco en muestras de Urocultivo en el Hospital Regional Docente Ambato en el período Octubre 2015 – Febrero 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-04-01) López Estrella, María Teresa; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lic. Mg.The research project was undertaken to clarify various issues arising in the area of microbiology when analyzing samples. One of the most important public health problems is bacterial resistance that takes more strength every day in our environment so it is very important to continue to issue standardized reliable results while promoting the proper use of antibiotics different protocols. The research is based on the comparison of susceptibility by manual method by disk diffusion method and automated through the minimum inhibitory concentration in samples of urine culture in patients in the province of Tungurahua Ambato. For the present study took a population of 70 patients aged between 18 and 40 years attending the Provincial Teaching Hospital Ambato. A sample of 40 patients women / men who present themselves for a urinary tract characteristics are obtained. So we can say that in this research study presented 40 samples of E. coli growth corresponding to 100% of the sample. Concluding that the bacterium Escherichia coli is the main causative agent of Urinary Tract Infection in this region of Ecuador.