Ciencias de la Salud
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Item IMPACTO DE LA CIRUGÍA DE RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE PISO PÉLVICO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DE MUJERES CON PROLAPSO DE ÓRGANOS PÉLVICOS(2025-06-16) Cruz Villamarín Paúl Alexánder; Bustillos Solorzano Marcos Edison; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) refers to the descent of pelvic structures due to weakened pelvic floor support. This condition affects various organs and has a multidimensional impact on patients' lives. Objective: To evaluate the impact of. pelvic floor reconstruction surgery on the quality of life in women with POP, focusing on urinary, bowel, and sexual function, as well as psychological well-being. Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Studies published in the last 5 years, primarily systematic reviews and meta-analyses, were included, resulting in the selection of forty-seven articles for the final review. Results: The techniques with the most positive impact on quality of life include Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy with 86.7% and Colpocleisis with 89%, while Transvaginal Synthetic Mesh Repair shows the least impact with 71%. Notably, even techniques with lower percentages of improvement still demonstrate significant positive effects. The efficacy of these interventions varies between 81% and 91.9%, with effectiveness ranging from 72% to 90.2%, suggesting a high success rate in treating POP. Conclusion: Surgical techniques for POP significantly improve quality of life, with success rates between 71% and 89%. Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy and Colpocleisis stand out for their effectiveness, while the use of transvaginal mesh shows lower results and more complications. These interventions optimize urinary, bowel and sexual functions, as well as the psychological well-being of patients.Item INNOVACIÓN EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL DOLOR LUMBAR CRÓNICO, UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-06-16) Zuña Guamán, Rosa Angélica; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a public health problem that causes disability and work absenteeism, with a high socioeconomic impact. To reduce its burden on health systems and patients, effective and accessible therapeutic alternatives with less dependence on drugs are being sought. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of innovative and conventional treatments for CLBP, analyzing their impact on pain reduction, functionality, and quality of life of patients. Methods: A systematic review was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and SciELO, including studies from 2019 to 2024 on innovative treatments for CLBP. We excluded research with small samples or without a control group, following a two-stage selection process. Results: Non-pharmacological therapies, emerging technologies such as virtual reality and mobile applications, therapeutic massages and medicinal plants were found to favor adherence to treatment and reduce the perception of pain in patients. Discussion: Non-pharmacological strategies have advantages over conventional treatments by reducing adverse effects and analgesic dependence. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach in the management of CLBP. Conclusion: Innovative interventions, especially non-pharmacological ones, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and improving functionality and quality of life. It is recommended that these approaches be prioritized in clinical practice, although more research is needed to confirm their long-term effectiveness.Item Programa de entrenamiento respiratorio mediante Threshold IMT en adultos mayores con EPOC(2025-03-17) Guzmán López, Ángela del Rocío; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosItem Entrenamiento Respiratorio y sus efectos en el índice Bodex en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica(2025-03-17) Carvajal Escobar, María Belén; Sandoval Velásquez, Gloria Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosRespiratory training has emerged as a crucial strategy in the management of chronic respiratory diseases, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This therapeutic approach aims to optimize lung function and improve quality of life through specific breathing techniques and physical exercise. The effectiveness of respiratory training can be evaluated using the BODE index, a comprehensive tool that measures the severity of COPD and its impact on patient health. Given the details outlined above, respiratory training can positively influence the components of the BODE index, providing a clear understanding of its benefits and its role in the treatment of COPD. Objective: To determine the impact of respiratory training on the BODE index in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Methods: To comprehensively evaluate the status of COPD, the BODE index was used. Lung function was measured using spirometry, while PImax was used to assess the strength of the inspiratory muscles and the elastic recoil of the lung tissue. Additionally, BMI was calculated considering the height and weight of each patient. Various scales, such as the mMRC, were used to assess dyspnea, and vital signs were monitored both at the beginning and at the end of respiratory training. Results: Respiratory training can lead to an improvement in the BODE index, with reductions in dyspnea symptoms and increased functional capacity. Patients showed an improvement in quality of life, a greater ability to perform daily activities, and a decrease in COPD exacerbations. Conclusions: Respiratory training represents an effective intervention for improving the BODE index and, consequently, the quality of life in patients with COPD. The implementation of respiratory training programs should be considered as an integral part of the management of COPD, with the aim of improving lung function, reducing dyspnea, and enhancing exercise capacity, contributing to better overall health and well-being of patients.Item CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LAS PERSONAS SOBREVIVIENTES DE CÁNCER(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Bonilla Sánchez, María Eugenia; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy CristinaIntroduction: Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, with around 18 million new cases per year. In Latin America there are 2.8 million cases and 1.3 million deaths per year. In Ecuador, 20% of people develop cancer before the age of 75. Survival has improved, currently reaching 70%. However, survivors have an impact on their quality of life due to anxiety, depression and insomnia after treatment. Methods: Qualitative study of descriptive scope and with a phenomenological approach. The sample was made up of 7 adult participants in remission or cured from the Picaihua Parish. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed according to grounded theory, identifying categories in the work, family, economic and psychological spheres. Results: The results show difficulties in the workplace for reimbursement due to decreased energy and physical capacity; In the family, union and support are strengthened; In the economic sphere, a high burden of medical expenses is generated; and in the psychological, greater emotional susceptibility. Conclusion: We conclude that overcoming cancer involves a complex transition, with multidimensional impacts. Maintaining a positive attitude, spiritual support and motivation are key. Family support is crucial to mitigate suffering, and specific impacts on work, family, economic and psychological matters are highlighted. Resilience, spirituality and multidisciplinary support are essential for the comprehensive adaptation of the survivor.Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERIA EN EL DETERIORO DE REGULACION DEL ESTADO DE ANIMO EN ADULTOS MAYORES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Molina Peralta, Rodney Misael; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: The high prevalence of mood impairment disorders in older adults with dementia leads to negative effects on quality of life. Doll Therapy or dollassisted therapy is proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention for this condition, based on theories of attachment, transitional object, and personcentered approach. Objective. Determine the effect of nursing interventions on the deterioration of mood regulation in older adults. Methodology. Quantitative, quasiexperimental and longitudinal study, conducted in 18 institutionalized older adults with dementia. The Mini Mental Test and the Differential Inventory of Adjectives for Mood State (IDDA-EA) were applied before and after the intervention with Doll Therapy for 4 weeks, with 3 weekly sessions lasting 60 minutes each. Results. The participants presented dementia according to the Mini Mental Test. The pre-intervention IDDA-EA revealed low levels of activation, elevated levels of stress and decreased arousal. After Doll Therapy, statistically significant improvements were found in the activation dimension (p=0.025), reflecting an increase in energy, interest, and disposition levels. Conclusion. Doll Therapy proved to be an effective nursing intervention to improve mood regulation in institutionalized older adults with dementia, specifically in the activation dimension. It is recommended to extend the application time to consolidate positive effects on the dimensions of stress and arousal.Item CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ADULTOS MAYORES AGRICULTORES CON DOLOR CRÓNICO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Gaibor Lezano, Holguer Alejandro; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: A relevant component that harms the level of quality of life is the appearance of illnesses associated with pain, especially in adult farmers. The repetitive effort, the maintenance of an incorrect posture, the working conditions and especially in the agricultural environment, I think that your health is deteriorating. Objective: Determine the association of the quality of life of older farmers with chronic pain. Methods: Research with a quantitative focus, observational-transversal design and correlational scope, the population was carried out by older adults who attended the Greater Adult Club “Virgen del Guápulo”, whose sample consisted of 23 people selected through intentional probabilistic sampling based on inclusion and inclusion criteria exclusion, whichever applies three instruments: a sociodemographic survey, the Latineen Index that evaluates chronic pain and quality of life WHOQOL-BREF. Results: The majority of older adults showed moderate pain level (69.6%), regular quality of life (64.7%). The bilateral significance value of the Chi squared test of Verosimilitud Ratio is 0.038<0.05. Conclusions: The investigator's alternative hypothesis is accepted; to decide, if there is an association between the quality of life and the level of pain that adult farmers present.Item CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LA POBLACIÓN ADULTA MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADA. ECUADOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Chicaiza Ganan, Yadira Fernanda; Macías Ferreiro, KarinaQuality of life is a concept that can encompass various levels, visualizing biological, economic, social, and psychological demands from an individual to a community level, and is related to aspects of social well-being. This study aims to assess the quality of life of institutionalized elderly individuals at the CAIAM Integral Care Center in Cantón Patate. A quantitative, descriptive, and crosssectional investigation was conducted with a sample of 70 participants. The demographic characteristics indicate that most elderly individuals were between 81 and 90 years old, with 70% being women and 47.1% married. In terms of quality of life, it is mostly described as moderate, varying according to age, sex, and marital status. Regarding physical health, 59% reported a poor quality of life, 51% were dissatisfied with their lifestyle, 39% experienced physical pain during daily activities, 48% required medical treatment to function, 39% enjoyed life, and 36% had difficulty concentrating. After the analysis, it was observed that women are more prone to institutionalization than men. However, it could not be established that men have a better quality of life than women. The importance of continuing to implement policies and programs that promote the well-being and rights of this vulnerable population was highlighted.Item AUTOCUIDADO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ADULTOS MAYORES: UNA REVISION DE LA LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Capuz Toalombo, Andrea Paola; Rojas Conde, Luis GeovannyObjective: Analyze the results of self-care and quality of life of older adults through a bibliographic review. Method: Literature review study, with documentary and descriptive design, following the guidelines of the updated PRISMA guide. The search was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, BVS, Scielo and Google Scholar, using descriptors in Health Sciences. In addition, inclusion criteria were applied with original articles and case studies published between 2018-2023 in English and Spanish, with free access and with a rigorous methodological process. Results: The analysis of 56 articles revealed that self-care practices are associated with improvements in the quality of life of older adults. Key factors were identified such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, adequate management of chronic medical conditions, and maintenance of active social networks. Studies showed a positive correlation between the level of self-care and various quality of life indicators, including functional independence, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that self-care plays a fundamental role in the quality of life of older adults. Interventions that promote healthy habits, adaptation to change, and social connection appear to be particularly effective. The implementation of self-care promotion programs in primary care and community services is recommended to promote active and healthy aging.Item ALTERACIONES SENSORIALES EN EL ADULTO MAYOR Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA CALIDAD DE VIDA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27) Udeo Torres, Jessica Paola; Cedeño Zamora, María NarcizaAging is linked to sensory changes in older adults, which affects their quality of life and can lead to disabilities. Currently, around 50 million people suffer from sensory impairments, a figure that is expected to increase to 82 million by 2030. These impairments include problems in the five senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch), which are essential for perception and interaction with the environment. To improve the quality of life of older adults and their caregivers, it is crucial to implem e n t comprehensive health policies that address these sensory problems. This also involve s empowering people to reduce risk factors such as diabetes and cardiovascu l a r disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) offers programs to assess and reduce sensory and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Alcohol and tobacco use can aggravate sensory and memory problems, negatively affecting quality of life. Family caregivers play a critical role in the well-being of older adults with sensory impairment. It is vital to understand how these impairments impact their daily lives and to assess their sensory, mental and motor abilities to prevent falls and improve their quality of life.A recent study revealed that sensory impairments, especially in vision and hearing, have a major impact on the quality of life of older adults. Decreas e d vision can predict cognitive changes, and sensory impairments are associated with an increased risk of dementia. These impairments also affect independence, well-being and social interactions. Dysfunction of the sense of smell is related to cognitive and sensory impairment, affecting memory and verbal fluency, and may be an early indicator of dementia, also influencing nutrition and daily activities. Factors such as low schooli ng , declining physical performance and lack of social support increase cognitive and sensory vulnerability, making the support of health professionals, family and friends crucial to manage these dysfunctions.