Ciencias de la Salud

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    REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA: PREVALENCIA DE LA INFECCIÓN POR HELICOBACTER PYLORI DROGORESISTENTE
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Núñez Aldaz, Stephany Raquel; Bonifaz Diaz, Diego Raúl
    Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is a disease of worldwide distribution, it is known that half of the population is a carrier of the bacterium. The importance of studying the prevalence of drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is to know the resistance patterns of antibiotics used in the treatment of the infection in order to investigate the modifications necessary for the correct eradication of the disease. Objective: To describe the prevalence of drug resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection in the last 10 years. Methodology: This literature review is based on a retrospective study, search and analysis of studies, essays and meta-analyses published in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Web of Science, Mediagraphic, Elsevier, Springer. Results: The prevalence of drug resistance depends on geographical location. The treatment lines used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection have increased their resistance rates in the last 10 years. In addition, a higher prevalence of resistance is observed in previously treated individuals than in patients who never received eradication treatment. Conclusions: The studies found in this literature review have limitations, which means that the prevalence differs according to the regions and the lines of treatment used. In the studies analyzed, the prevalence of drug resistance against metronidazole and clarithromycin is the highest compared to other antibiotics and has maintained a constant growth
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    Proyecto de intervención al uso de antibióticos en pacientes adultos del servicio de hospitalización del Hospital Básico el Puyo.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Défaz Miranda, Silvana Marisol, Lcda.; Inca Torres, Alberto Renato, BqF. PhD
    The inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, the poor control of nosocomial infections increases the development of resistance mechanisms, reducing therapeutic possibilities and increasing hospital stay. Infections caused by resistant bacteria are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment, triggering the appearance of outbreaks at the hospital level. Due to this, in the present study it was proposed to rationalize the adequate use of antibiotics in the Puyo Basic Hospital in adult patients. This was done using a scientific methodology with a quantitative and quasi- experimental approach, through which the database was reviewed in the SPSS program and the entire population of hospitalized patients aged between 20 and 40 years was studied in a period of January until June 2021. It was obtained that Staphylococcus presents resistance against the antibiotic oxacillin with 76.2%. 100% of Gram-negative microorganisms are resistant to ampicillin, 88.8% are resistant to ampicillin sulbactam, 77.8% are resistant to cephalothin and 61.1% are resistant to sulfatrimetropim. Escherichia coli 27.7% are ESBL-producing bacteria. Finally, the factors that predispose to the inappropriate use of antibiotics were evaluated, it was proposed to adopt timely corrective measures, especially in those antibiotics that exceed 30% in relation to resistance.