Ciencias de la Salud
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A COMPLICACIONES DE ANASTOMOSIS COLORRECTAL EN CIRUGÍA COLÓNICA(2025-06-16) Ricachi Guevara, Steven Alexander; Cadena Baquero, Juan Carlos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaPostoperative complications in colorectal surgery can significantly impact patient health. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications in colorectal anastomosis to optimize clinical decision-making through an up-to-date literature review. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were reviewed using databases such as PUBmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Out of 10,000 initial articles, 41 relevant studies were selected. The findings reveal that comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune disorders increase the risk of postoperative complications, including anastomotic dehiscence, severe infections, and prolonged hospital stays. In adition, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia negatively affect wound healing and postoperative recovery. The discussion highlights the influence of these factors on tissue perfusion, healing, and infection susceptibility, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in preoperative and postoperative management. Finally, it has been concluded that personalized preoperative strategies and the appropriate selection of surgical techniques are essential to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.Item RIESGO DE SUICIDIO POTENCIAL RELACIONADO CON SENTIMIENTOS DEPRESIVOS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Martínez Arboleda, Maria Gabriela; Jiménez Hurtado, William AndrésAbstract The risk of suicide is the likelihood of carrying out a suicidal act, a serious issue that affects the mental health and well-being of individuals. To analyze the relationship between depressive feelings and the risk of suicide in nursing students. Method: The study used a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, applying the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI) to seventh-seme ster students. Data collection was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, using non-probabilistic convenience sampling.Contingency tables reveal associations between suicidal ideation and key variables such as attitude towards life, suicidal thoughts, attem pt planning, and attempt execution. However, when analyzing the correlation between the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI), a weak and non - significant negative correlation was found between the two variables. This suggests that, in this specific sample, there is no clear relationship between depression measured by the BDI and suicidal ideation measured by the SSI. In other words, there is no relationship between depressive feelings and the risk of suicide in nursing students.Item NEOPLASIAS EXTRAMEDULARES COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO EN LA COMPRESIÓN MEDULAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Tenorio Mogro, Soraya Lisseth; Jurado Melo, Cristina VerónicaIntroduction. Extramedullary neoplasia in spinal cord compression refers to the presence of tumors or lesions that are located outside the spinal cord and that cause compression in it. Objective. Investigate the incidence and prevalence of neoplasms that cause spinal cord compression, identifying the types of tumors most associated with this condition, as well as evaluate the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments available for these neoplasms. Methodology. Documentary-bibliographic design, exploratory, explanatory, and qualitative modality. Results. It turned out that extramedullary neoplasms that cause spinal compression include meningioma, which are slow-growing benign tumors that develop in the spinal canal; neurofibromas that develop from the cells surrounding the nerves; Schwannomas are histological tumors in the spinal cord. Among the predominant symptoms are pain, weakness in the arms, changes in vision, headache, memory loss, loss of smell, seizures, and language difficulty. Conclusion. Extramedullary neoplasia can have a significant impact on the patient's health. The severity of the symptoms and the prognosis depend on the type of neoplasm, its location, and the degree of spinal compression it causes, thus having the impact of compression of the spinal cord, intense pain in the area, paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, and finally neurological alterations.Item TRATAMIENTOS APLICADOS EN PACIENTES POR INFECCIÓN DE COVID-19 CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Sánchez Jácome, Gissela de los Ángeles; Freire Montesdeoca, Jessica MarianaCoronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause different types of respiratory illnesses. At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus was identified and declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There is the development of diabetes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, so it is possible that it could cause alterations in glucose metabolism leading to the development of diabetes mellitus. The objectives of article to carry out a bibliographic review of the treatments applied in patients infected with Covid-19 and who have type 2 diabetes mellitus as their underlying pathology. The results this investigation all the articles analyzed describe the use of metformin, insulin and corticosteroids as the mainstay of treatment, accompanied by patient education and communication between health personnel and the patient. Conclusion treatment is based on the patient's usual medication, but with slight adjustments depending on glucose control. Different treatments have also been described such as incretins, ACE inhibitors, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine and SGLT2 inhibitors among others that have acted in different ways to control this pathology.Item HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA Y EL GRADO DE SARCOPENIA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Sacón Ayerbe, Camila Salomé; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea CarolinaType II diabetes mellitus (DM2) and sarcopenia are conditions with high prevalence and significant complications, making them important public health problems. This study is based on a systematic review of 12 original scientific articles published between January 2019 and June 2023, focusing on the relationship between DM2 and sarcopenia. The findings indicate an increasing prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with DM2, especially when glycemic control is inadequate. It was observed that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels above 8.5% are associated with an increased risk of developing sarcopenia. The studies reviewed also suggest that the most effective treatment to mitigate sarcopenia is a combination of endurance exercise and nutritional counseling. Although HbA1c is a useful indicator for monitoring glycemic control, it does not reflect daily fluctuations in glucose levels, which are also an important factor in the development of sarcopenia. The review concludes that early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention are crucial to prevent and treat sarcopenia in patients with DM2.Item CUIDADO OCULAR EN PAÍSES DEL “CINTURÓN DEL PTERIGIÓN”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Ruiz Yánez, Jessica Raquel; Mendoza Rodríguez, Saimara MaríaPterygium is a benign disease of fibrovascular proliferation, which extends from the conjunctiva to the cornea, causing aesthetic and even visual problems. Its development is largely related to ultraviolet radiation and therefore to those activities carried out outdoors. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliographic review on the risk factors for the development of pterygium in countries that are within the “Pterygium measurement belt”, which allows describing eye care for the prevention of this pathology. All the articles analyzed describe ultraviolet radiation as the main factor described for the development of pterygium. In addition, social characteristics are described as risk factors, such as male sex, adulthood or lower level of education. Ultraviolet radiation is the most important risk factor for the development of pterygium, however, other factors are recognized such as dust, wind, wood debris, sodium metabisulfite, radiation from welding and LED light.Item Insatisfacción corporal y riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria en adultos jóvenes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Solis Gaibor, Dennis Marcelo; Vargas Espin, Alba del Pilar Psc. Cl.La insatisfacción corporal supone la presencia de juicios valorativos sobre el cuerpo que usualmente no coinciden con las características reales del individuo. Uno de los principales métodos para el control del peso y de la figura corporal suele ser la ejecución de conductas alimentarias de riesgo, una amplia variedad de comportamientos negativos y perjudiciales para el individuo. Ambos constituyen factores clave en el origen y desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). La intención de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre la insatisfacción corporal y el riesgo de trastornos de conducta alimentaria en adultos jóvenes que asisten al gimnasio. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra fue seleccionada mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia través de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados indican que existe una relación positiva moderada entre las variables con el (Rho=0.531, p<0.001). Lo que quiere decir que a más insatisfacción corporal más riesgo de padecer un trastorno de conducta alimentaria. Se concluye que existe una relación positiva entre la insatisfacción corporal y riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria, prevaleciendo más en mujeres. Esto se debe a que los desacuerdos internos pueden generar frustración y sentimientos negativos en la persona