Ciencias de la Salud
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Item DETERMINACIÓN DE COLINESTERASA SÉRICA EN AGRICULTORES EXPUESTOS A ORGANOFOSFORADOS DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-02-25) Toalombo Caisa, Jennifer Johanna; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe use of pesticides, essential for increasing agricultural productivity, has been crucial since the 20th century to ensure food security in the face of population growth. Among these, organophosphates stand out for their high toxicity and widespread use, particularly in developing countries. Exposure to organophosphate pesticides is a critical issue for the health of agricultural workers, as it is associated with the inhibition of serum cholinesterase. The aim of this research was to evaluate serum cholinesterase levels as an indicator of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers from the Santa Rosa parish and to analyze the associated risk factors. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, and analytical approach. The sample included 53 farmers selected based on inclusion criteria. A colorimetric method was used to measure serum cholinesterase, and structured surveys were employed to gather information on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and agricultural practices. The data were analyzed using statistical tests such as correlations and chi-square tests. The results showed that 9.4% of the farmers had a decrease in serum cholinesterase activity, associated with unsafe practices such as inadequate use of PPE (41.51%) and a high frequency of spraying (25.81%). It was concluded that prolonged exposure to organophosphates affects the health of farmers, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring of serum cholinesterase and training programs on safe agricultural practices. The proposal of this study is to implement surveillance systems and promote the proper use of PPE to reduce associated risks.Item Determinación de alteraciones hematológicas en agricultores de 25 a 60 años de edad que forman parte de la asociación artesanal de producción de bienes agrícolas y pecuarios del cantón Píllaro (abapp) expuestos a organofosforados durante el período octubre - diciembre 2022(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Toapanta Toapanta, Evelin Aracely; Rosero Freire, Daniela Alexandra Lcda. Mg.Organophosphates are one of the most used types of pesticides in the agricultural sector, their purpose is the control and elimination of pests. However, their indiscriminate use and lack of precaution when handling them can become a health risk for farmers. The objective of this research is to determine hematological alterations in farmers who are part of the Artisanal Association for the Production of Agricultural and Livestock Goods of the Píllaro canton (ABAPP) exposed to organophosphate pesticides, for which a study was carried out with a quantitative approach of type descriptive, where univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. The study population consisted of 64 farmers, aged between 25 and 60 years who are part of ABAPP, of which 56.3% are women and 43.8% are men. The results showed that 17.2% of the population present at least one alteration in the cell lines, among the alterations found are reported an increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and monocytopenia were also present. It is concluded thatxv exposure to organophosphate pesticides can cause health problems in agricultural workers.Item Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana en una comunidad de agricultores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-13) Vargas Sunta, Ivan Francisco; Moyano Calero, WillianThe development of agriculture and the maintenance of crops is accompanied by activities that require not only physical effort, but also hours of continuous exposure to chemical products that can have effects on people's health. Many times, the risk is not only due to exposure, but there are factors such as ignorance that make it difficult for this work activity to be carried out adequately. The objective is to analyze the effects of pesticides on human health in a community of farmers. The methodology used for this study was qualitative, carried out between the months of May and June 2022 with a total of 40 farmers from the Canton Quero province of Tungurahua. A semi-structured interview was applied, through which it was found that exposure to pesticides does have a great impact on the health of farmers, so that signs and symptoms suggestive of intoxication develop. The technical ignorance of the use and management of pesticides is a determining factor for the development of symptoms with the greatest impact on health, the deficiency in the use of personal protection equipment aggravates the scenario of each farmer and the neurological symptoms are the ones that more are repeated among the individuals interviewed.Item “Medidores bioquímicos para intoxicación en agricultores expuestos a organofosforados en la parroquia San Miguelito del cantón Píllaro”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2020-01-01) Yánez Toapanta, Paulina del Carmen; Vailati López, Juan Pablo Dr.Agriculture is one of the economic activities that take place in Ecuador, in which a large number of people who work daily in the planting and conservation of crops are positioned, in this way for the development of these activities pesticides are used. a free form for the control of plagues, in this same context the decrease of the cholinergic activity is evident by the permanent exposure to pesticides that are generally of the organophosphorus type and that have impacted on the health of the agricultural workers. The population of interest for this study is the San Miguelito parish of the Píllaro canton, considered a highly agricultural territory largely devoted to the cultivation of potatoes and other tubers, for this research a sample of 40 participants has been selected composed of men and women belonging to an agricultural association that maintains direct contact with organophosphorus-type pesticides that cause a decrease in the concentration of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and adverse liver function alterations. The present investigation establishes spectrophotometric determinations in the blood regarding the levels of concentration of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and markers of liver function in each of the participants and in turn relates these alterations to main risk factors such as: the level of education of farmers, exposure time in hours per week and proper use of personal protective equipment. The results show the presence of 12 farmers who show a decrease in the concentration of the enzyme corresponding to 30% of the sample under study, also in the values obtained from the liver profile, it was not possible to show alterations that indicate a possible hepatotoxicity, likewise With the crossing of tables for each of the variables of interest with the help of a Pearson Chi Square test between the direct relationship of the risk factors and the decrease in the enzyme, it is concluded that there is a significant statistical relationship between them.