Ciencias de la Salud

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.COMPLICACIONES

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    FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A COMPLICACIONES DE ANASTOMOSIS COLORRECTAL EN CIRUGÍA COLÓNICA
    (2025-06-16) Ricachi Guevara, Steven Alexander; Cadena Baquero, Juan Carlos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Postoperative complications in colorectal surgery can significantly impact patient health. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications in colorectal anastomosis to optimize clinical decision-making through an up-to-date literature review. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were reviewed using databases such as PUBmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Out of 10,000 initial articles, 41 relevant studies were selected. The findings reveal that comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune disorders increase the risk of postoperative complications, including anastomotic dehiscence, severe infections, and prolonged hospital stays. In adition, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia negatively affect wound healing and postoperative recovery. The discussion highlights the influence of these factors on tissue perfusion, healing, and infection susceptibility, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in preoperative and postoperative management. Finally, it has been concluded that personalized preoperative strategies and the appropriate selection of surgical techniques are essential to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
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    COMPLICACIONES MATERNO-FETALES DE LA DIABETES GESTACIONAL
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) León Panoluisa, Heydi Gabriela; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne
    Introduction. Gestational diabetes, a metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy, is crucial in obstetrics because it affects the health of the mother and the fetus. Caused by high glucose levels, it is linked to poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. It is common in 90% of pregnant women and its early detection is vital to prevent complications. Objective. To evaluate the maternal-fetal complications of gestational diabetes. Method. The study is a retrospective review. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used, selecting studies using specific search terms and the PRISMA methodology. The inclusion criteria for the selection of documents were those that contained the terms “diabetes”, “gestational diabetes”, “complications in the pregnant woman”, “complications in fetuses” and “newborns”. Articles without language and free access restrictions, published between 2019 and 2024, were accepted. The exclusion criteria included documents in difficult to translate languages and studies that lacked relevant information. Results. Studies indicated an increase in maternal and neonatal complications in women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the prevalence of fetal macrosomia and type 2 diabetes. Obesity, maternal age > 30 years, history of diabetes are important risk factors. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes manifests more in the second trimester, requiring early detection and intervention. It was found that it is associated with fetal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia and obesity, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and management.
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    Cuidados de enfermería en el uso y manejo de pacientes con catéter percutáneo. revisión sistemática
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermeria, 2024-05-01) Sisa Toaza, Jonathan David; Cusme Torres, Nadihezka Amanda Lic Mg.
    Introduction: The percutaneous route is a method that consists of the direct insertion of a central catheter by means of a percutaneous or epicutaneous route with the purpose of obtaining an access route that will be placed at the level of the superior vena cava with a clinical therapeutic objective. Objective: To describe nursing care in the use and management of percutaneous catheter. Methodology: This is a systematic review carried out with the PRISMA method used to search for scientific articles in databases such as: Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scielo. Results: we ended up with 11 articles that provided the most relevant and rigorous information on nursing care in the use and management of patients with percutaneous catheters. Conclusion: nursing care in patients with percutaneous catheter includes the actions performed before, during and after its placement, taking into account the assessment and provision of information to the patient or family members prior to placement, choice of the puncture site, verification of the correct position and maintenance after placement.
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    Técnicas de colecistectomía laparoscópica subtotal como estrategias de manejo en colecistectomías difíciles
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2024-03-01) Castro López, Leonarda Nathaly; Cadena Baquero, Juan Carlos Dr. Esp.
    Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures for symptomatic biliary pathology, with or without complications. There are determinants for identifying a difficult cholecystectomy, such as lack of surgeon's experience or clinical conditions that lead to variations in the biliary vascular anatomy, limiting the dissection of the hepatocystic triangle and preventing critical safety vision, leading to a higher risk of iatrogenic injuries and a greater rate of complications. Conventional cholecystectomy continues to be the Gold Standard in difficult cases. Therefore, consideration arises to opt for alternative surgical techniques among which laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy is found, which has gained relevance as a managem ent strategy in challenging gallbladder cases. Objective: To analyze laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy techniques as management strategies in difficult cholecystectomies through the review of existing scientific evidence. Materials and Methods: The theoretical foundation of this descriptive study is obtained through the analysis of literature from biomedical databases with the proper selection and extraction of relevant data for this review. Conclusions: Subtotal cholecystectomy has been proposed as a management strategy in challenging cases where total cholecystectomy is complicated by anatomical factors, severe inflammation, adhesions, or other complications. Subtotal cholecystectomy techniques, including fenestrated and reconstructive approaches, have become viable options as rescue strategies. However, their outcomes rely on the surgeon's experience, their selective use, and the risk-benefit consideration for each patient.
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    Obesidad infantil: riesgo inminente de complicaciones a largo plazo, una revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-01) Masabanda Punina, Maricela Carolina; Dra. Esp. Mejía Ortiz Ruth Aurelia
    Introduction: Childhood obesity is a public health problem caused by excessive consumption of energy-dense foods, coupled with a lack of physical activity and an increase in sedentary actions. Complications are irreversible and are caused by insulin resistance, resulting in cardiorespiratory, metabolic, digestive, orthopedic, social, cancer, etc. alterations. For prevention, changes and improvements in lifestyles are recommended. Objectives: the main long-term biopsychosocial complications that childhood obesity entails, in addition to identifying the risk factors and main preventive strategies. Methodology: descriptive study based on a systematic investigation using information taken from journals, theses and scientific articles, published in the last 6 years, with topics related to childhood overweight and obesity. Results: Obesity is the excess of fat that a person has, evaluated through the weightheight relationship. Risk factors can be prenatal and postnatal. The prevalence has increased considerably in recent years worldwide by 20%, with a predominance in females. The main complications can be cardiovascular, dermatological, metabolic, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, pulmonary, neurological, psychological and social disorders and even cancerous, generally caused by insulin resistance. Conclusion: The comorbidities caused by obesity in the pediatric age and adolescence include anomalies that are irreversible in the long term, for which prevention with changes in lifestyles and elimination of sedentary actions is important
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    Relación del estado nutricional con complicaciones en el embarazo, parto y puerperio inmediato, en las gestantes controladas centro de salud tipo C Latacunga.
    (Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Sangucho Verdezoto, Pedro Ángel Md.; Bustillos Solórzano, Marcos Edison Md.
    Complications in the state of gestation are a risk factor for both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objective of this research was the early identification and correction of those states of abnormality during pregnancy development, termination and immediate postpartum; all of them related to maternal weight gain. The methodology of this research was directed prospectively over a period of 12 months, through a recruitment stage and another of follow-up stage of the 96 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria attended their prenatal checking at the Latacunga type C Health Center, using the information that is on the basis of medical records , guaranteeing the confidentiality of the same. The results were obtained by calculation of relative risk, a statistical measure that allowed determining the degree of significance of each variable identified for the appearance of complications, where adequate or inadequate weight gain played the most important role. In conclusion, a statistical significance of inadequate excess weight gain was found due to the presence of morbidities that would disturb the normal course of this stage.
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    Complicaciones en pacientes diabéticos con covid-19
    (2021-03-01) Barrionuevo Mejía, Jenny Alicia; López Pérez, Grace Pamela
    Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the diabetic population has been considered vulnerable and at high risk as they are more prone to acquiring respiratory infections due to deterioration of the immune system and alteration of glucose levels. Objective: To describe the complications in diabetic patients with COVID-19. Methodology: meta-analysis of articles published until September 14, 2020 in databases such as: Medline, PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Redalyc, Elsiever, BVS and academic Google. The search was carried out in 4 phases; the first for search, the second for selection, the third for information extraction and the fourth for analysis. Results: The main complications of diabetic patients with COVID-19 are: severe respiratory distress syndromes and extrapulmonary systemic hyperinflammation syndrome, shock, vasoplegia, respiratory failure, cardiopulmonary collapse, severe pneumonia, myocarditis, acute kidney injury, pancreatic damage, this due to immunological and hypoglycemic mechanisms that lead to an increased risk of death. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes do present greater complications in COVID-19 pictures, since when there is inadequate glycemic control, there is a greater susceptibility to developing a severe septic picture due to a failure in the body's response to pathogens.