Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Comparativa entre la manga gástrica y el bypass gástrico como tratamiento para la obesidad: Revisión de la literatura
    (2025-10-16)
    Toapanta Montesdeoca Carol Solange
    ;
    Loaiza Merino Iván Patricio, Dr. Esp
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that is associated with a significant increase in metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, underscoring the need for effective treatments. The objective of this research is to compare the effectiveness, safety and long-term results of these procedures through a review of the scientific literature. An electronic search was carried out for scientific articles published from January 2019 to 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases. Scientific evidence suggests that the two procedures have different benefits; the choice of each of these has to focus on the criteria given by scientific associations and societies duly recognized worldwide. In conclusion, both gastric sleeve and gastric bypass are effective interventions to treat morbid obesity, with clear benefits in weight loss and improvement of comorbidities. Gastric bypass stands out for offering a faster and more sustained weight reduction, particularly in cases of extreme obesity or severe comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, although it implies a greater risk of long-term nutritional deficiencies due to its malabsorption component. In contrast, the gastric sleeve, less invasive and with fewer postoperative complications, minimizes the impact on nutrient absorption, although it can exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux. The choice of procedure depends on the specific clinical needs of the patient.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    FACTORES DE RIESGO Y ENFERMEDADES SISTÉMICAS ASOCIADAS A LA ENFERMEDAD DE PEYRONIE: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
    (2025-10-15)
    Bonilla Fernández, Solange Aracely
    ;
    Loaiza Merino, Iván Patricio
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Introduction: Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder that affects the tunica albuginea of the penis, causing a fibrous plaque that can generate deformities, pain and erectile dysfunction, affecting men between 45 and 60 years of age. Objective: To conduct research on risk factors and systemic diseases related to peyronie's disease, identifying risk factors for its development in order to improve the quality of life of patients and highlight the importance of early detection. Methods: Bibliographic review of clinical trials, meta-analysis and descriptive studies published in the last 5 years in English and Spanish. 131 articles from urological journals worldwide such as Nature, Science, JAMA and databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed. Results: Of the 51 articles selected, no precise data were found in Latin America and Ecuador due to the underdiagnosis of this pathology. Risk factors such as age, smoking, microtrauma and malnutrition increase oxidative stress. Systemic diseases are associated, especially connective tissue, vascular and endocrine diseases. Discussion: Genetic predisposition is a key factor that facilitates microtrauma to initiate fibrosis. Systemic diseases, especially connective tissue and vascular diseases, generate hypoxia and fibrosis in the tunica albuginea. Conclusion: Peyronie's disease affects sexual health by causing curvature and pain in the penis. Its early detection allows effective treatments, improving the physical and emotional well-being of patients.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    MORTALIDAD EN PACIENTES CON FRACTURA DE CADERA: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
    (2025-10-15)
    Aucanshala Pilatuña, Carolina Monserrath
    ;
    Altamirano Chiriboga, Miguel Bayardo
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Ip fracture (FA) is a pathology with high incidence in the adult population from 50 years of age onwards, associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality and complications that reflect functional disability, chronic pain and decreased quality of life, it is estimated that the mortality rate in the first year after fracture in people with chronic conditions ranges between 14% and 36%, being responsible for one third of hospitalizations and half of the early deaths in patients with musculoskeletal (MS) injuries, the mortality associated with this condition is influenced by multiple risk factors, including age, gender, presence of comorbidities, delays in surgical intervention and the type of fracture. More than 90% of cases occur in people over 65 years of age, mainly in women with chronic diseases that aggravate their prognosis, among the most frequent associated conditions are cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), senile dementia, anemia and malnutrition, which compromise the clinical evolution of the patient. In addition, a high prevalence of circulatory system pathologies (63%), digestive diseases (48%) and mental disorders (39%) has been observed in these patients. Hip fracture, together with the acute stress resulting from the traumatic event and surgery, contributes to the exacerbation of pre-existing diseases and the development of new complications, which negatively impacts survival. Subsequently, we examined the numbers of females affected by multiple hip injuries and the mortality rate within Europe, Latin America, Asia and Oceania
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    FACTORES DE RIESGO QUE GENEREN GANANCIA DE PESO EN PACIENTES POST-CIRUGÍA BARIÁTRICA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25)
    Moreno Vargas, Shirley Monserrath
    ;
    Guanuchi Quito, Franklin Hernán
    Objective: To describe the risk factors that generate weight gain after bariatric surgery. Method: Systematic review of 16 scientific articles related to the topic. Results and conclusion: Obesity is considered one of today's major health problems, leading to diseases that affect an individual's integrity, including mental health. Obesity is influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors and represents a significant global public health challenge. As the prevalence of obesity increases, the need for comprehensive approaches that address the underlying causes becomes apparent. Bariatric surgery has established itself as an effective option for those struggling with morbid obesity. However, its success depends on careful assessment of risks and benefits, and patient commitment to lasting lifestyle changes.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Evaluación de riesgo para la infección por covid-19 en poblaciones indígenas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-06-01)
    Carranza Sánchez, Ariana Marisol
    ;
    Acosta Acosta, JosuéDr. Esp.
    Introduction: In Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, it was reported for the first time, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an international health emergency in January 2020 and classified as a pandemic in March of the same year, the Covid- 19, which is undoubtedly the topic of greatest clinical and research interest at the global, national, and local levels. The pandemic has not stopped and the social, economic, as well as health ravages have continued, despite the research and scientific advances that have been obtained in medicine, as well as the research completely dedicated to studying the new coronavirus, all social levels and strata have been affected. Objective: To identify the determinants that favor the increase in the transmissibility of SARS-Cov-2 in the indigenous population, through the analysis of the impact of COVID 19 on mortality and morbidity according to the comorbidities of indigenous peoples, and its repercussion from the psychological point of view during periods of confinement. Materials and methods: A community intervention was developed through an explanatory, experimental, longitudinal, and prospective study with deliberate intervention, in addition, a systematic review was carried out with the search for medical and scientific literature published during the period 2020 and 2021, from different academic search engines such as Scielo, PubMed, Scholar Google and ScienceDirect, where keywords were used to identify relevant studies. Results and Discussion: Through the application through digital means of the "Covid-19 Risk Survey", 381 responses were obtained, where the percentage of each of the xiii comorbidities and risk factors established by many studies about the predisposition to contagion by COVID-19, in addition to the development of a severity of its symptoms in relation to this population. Conclusions: It was concluded that the indigenous communities showed the overcrowding of families with few resources, in addition to the fact that comorbidities were also a cause of predisposition to infections and serious forms of COVID 19, being affected from the psychological point of view by the confinement and the little family interaction, in addition to the poor access to technological elements, the deficient information and the scarce leadership of its leaders favored a little diffusion of the preventive measures.