Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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CAUSAS FISIOLÓGICAS Y MATERNAS PARA LA APARICIÓN DE LA ICTERICIA NEONATAL
(2026-02-11)
Quishpe Curicho, Lisbeht Anahi
;
Analuisa Jimenez, Eulalia Isabel
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical manifestation affecting between 60% and 80% of full-term newborns and more than 80% of preterm infants, causing approximately 114000 deaths annually and more than 63000 cases of preventable neurological disability worldwide. This condition results from intrinsic physiological mechanisms of the newborn and maternal factors that increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia. The overall objective was to analyze the physiological and maternal causes of neonatal jaundice. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, including articles published between 2020 and 2025 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, initially identifying 353 records. After applying eligibility criteria, 20 articles addressing physiological and maternal causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were selected. The results showed that the main physiological causes include immaturity of the hepatic conjugation system with reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity, shortened erythrocyte lifespan, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, prematurity, low birth weight, and increased enterohepatic circulation. The most significant maternal factors were ABO incompatibility (present in 30.7% to 50% of cases), advanced maternal age over 35 years, cesarean delivery, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, perinatal infections, and problems related to inadequate breastfeeding. The synergistic interaction between physiological and maternal causes exponentially increases the severity of hyperbilirubinemia, increasing the risk of serious neurological complications. It is concluded that early identification of physiological and maternal risk factors allows for the implementation of effective preventive strategies, reducing associated neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prenatal maternal education, close monitoring of high-risk newborns, and standardized screening protocols are essential to prevent severe cases of kernicterus.
ACTITUDES Y TÉCNICAS DEL AMAMANTAMIENTO EN MUJERES DE UN GRUPO DE APOYO DE LACTANCIA MATERNA
(2025-10-01)
Jácome Pérez, Andreina Mercedes
;
Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is a public health priority. It is a type of feeding in which infants receive only breast milk from the mother and no other solid or liquid food except for vitamins, minerals, or medications. Objective: To evaluate breastfeeding attitudes and techniques in women from a breastfeeding support group. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, quasi-experimental (before and after) study. This included a pretest, an educational intervention based on the technical guide for breastfeeding training validated by the State of Mexico, and a posttest with a census-based sample of 24 breastfeeding women and 6 pregnant women. Measurements were performed using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IFFAS) and the Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (BBAT). The meeting lasted 40 minutes to promote and educate women on breastfeeding attitudes and techniques. Results: The interpretation of this research is that initially, a neutral attitude predominated, with 46.7% of women, whereas after the intervention, most women adopted a cheerful outlook toward breastfeeding, with 86.7%. This change was statistically significant according to the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05), demonstrating the positive impact of the intervention. Conclusions: These results reflect that the educational intervention not only strengthened breastfeeding technical skills but also favorably influenced women's perceptions and attitudes toward breastfeeding. It is concluded that the intervention was effective in improving both knowledge and practice regarding breastfeeding within the support group.
INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERIA EN ALIMENTACIÓN NEONATAL
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03)
Paredes Lozada, Johana Paulina
;
Cusme Torres, Nadihezka Amanda
This research focuses on neonatal feeding, recognizing the relevance of nursing professionals in this context to ensure adequate and timely nutritional support for these small patients. The research problem addressed focuses on the need for a thorough understanding of optimal feeding practices in neonatology, modalities such as enteral, parenteral and breastfeeding are considered. Physiological immaturity and susceptibility to various disorders mean that neonates face specific feeding challenges. The main objective is to perform a comprehensive systematic review of the available scientific literature in order to analyze and synthesize the current evidence. Based on the above, the aim is to provide guidance and evidence-based recommendations to improve the quality of nutritional care provided to neonates. The methodology used is qualitative, applying the PICO model to structure the research question. An exhaustive search was carried out in key electronic databases, using relevant terms and descriptors. The main results reveal the importance of personalized nursing care, adapted to the individual needs of each neonate. Breastfeeding is highlighted as a fundamental option, but the relevance of other modalities to address various clinical situations is recognized.
EXPERIENCIAS ACADÉMICAS DE LAS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA CON HIJOS MENORES DE 1 AÑO
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03)
Chiliquinga Yugcha, Lisseth Leonela
;
Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina
Introduction: Pregnancy is a problem within higher academic studies since there are situations affected by being a mother and student, being a complex and arduous routine, which sometimes causes student dropout. Objective: To analyze the academic experiences of nursing students with children under 1 year of age. Method: Qualitative, exploratory, phenomenological. 7 interviews were carried out with students with children under 1 year old, taking into account ethical aspects. The methodology of D. Demaziere and C. Duvar was applied, generating an outline of the interviews. Results: The life routine of being a mother and student is a different aspect from the rest of the daily life of a university student, where it influences the family, academic and work relationship, presenting difficulties for progress in completing a professional degree. Also, the routine of a university mother is related to fatigue in fulfilling her responsibilities, in addition to the fact that life does not tend to be of greater achievement on occasions such as abandonment of the partner being a life problem. Discussion: Family support is important in the family, work and academic spheres, as well as support from the couple, which is essential. Conclusions: Being a university mother affects family and academic relationships and includes a work life, therefore, the majority of students are supported, but at the same time they had less time for their recreational and academic activities, where the responsibility was majority and disciplinary.
Percepción de las madres y familiares que participan en el método Plan Canguro
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-07)
Gallo Espín, Jéssica Mariela
;
Cusme Torres, Nadihezka Amanda
Objective: The present research sought to identify the perceptions of mothers and relatives of newborns, associated with the use of the Kangaroo Plan Method. Methods: The research was carried out with a quantitative approach, a field, cross-sectional and descriptive investigation was carried out, methods of the theoretical level, analysis - synthesis, documentary review, surveys were used as primary sources of information, called Perception of satisfaction with care. The study population was made up of thirty parents who have newborns and execute the Kangaroo Plan Method in the Neonatology area of the Ambato General Teaching Hospital. Results: The premature newborn has emotional repercussions on the mother and the family nucleus, generating feelings of stress, anxiety, these being propitiated by the hospital environment, on the other hand, there is a better perception of growth and capacities, thanks to the information received from health professionals for your child's care. Conclusions: The Kangaroo Plan Method provides well-being to both babies and their families, since through skin-to-skin contact changes in physical and psychomotor development are evidenced, in addition to improving the emotional state of mothers by having their children close, contributing, in parallel, to emotional stability.
Resiliencia de las madres de neonatos hospitalizados
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01)
Yansapanta Cuzco, Grace Anabel
;
Herrera López, José Luis Lic. Mg.
Introduction: Children hospitalization causes negative alterations in mothers, affecting their mental and physical health. The bond between mother, son and family relationship, when demands are excessive in relation to personal resources and the environment where they develop, is affected. Objective: To determine the level of resilience of mothers with hospitalized newborns, through the application of the SV-RES resilience scale. Method: This study is a simple descriptive design with a transversal quantitative approach. The information was obtained through the application of a recollection data instrument at Ambato’s Regional Teaching Hospital, in the period between August to November 2021. Results: From the sample of mothers surveyed, it is evidenced that the percentage of general data is 56%, which indicates a medium resilience level. Likewise, the resilience level per each factor of the SV-RES scale. In terms of the “I am” level, it represents a low resilience level and a percentage equal to 54%, followed by the “I have” factor, a medium resilience level is observed with a percentage equal to 88%. Finally, in terms of the factor “I can”, it shows a low resilience level with a percentage equal to 69%. Conclusion: It is determined that the general resilience level is medium since the majority of the participant mothers whose children were hospitalized in basic areas, an area which is less critical, and they received a positive daily medical diagnostic

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