Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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2022 - 20265

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Fecha de inicio: 2020Tema: search.filters.subject.EPIDEMIOLOGÍA

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    EVOLUCIÓN EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS EN ECUADOR ENTRE 2000 Y 2024: ANÁLISIS INTEGRAL
    (2026-02-04)
    Montero Pico, Jennifer Lissette
    ;
    Galarraga Pérez, Edison Arturo
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
    Methods: A documentary review was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and SciELO. Search terms included Chagas AND Ecuador and Chagas AND epidemiology AND Ecuador. A total of 299 initial records were identified, and 30 final studies were selected through the PRISMA method for epidemiological analysis. National data were compared with reports from the PAHO, WHO, and the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. Results: The records showed fluctuations in reported cases. In 2019, 169 cases were reported; in 2020, they decreased to 110; and in 2021, they increased to 172. Between 2022 and 2024, figures ranged from 110 to 120 annual cases. Most cases corresponded to the chronic phase: in 2021, 16 acute and 156 chronic cases were reported, while in 2024 there were 12 acute and 108 chronic cases. Studies indicated that Guayas, Manabí, El Oro, Loja, and the Amazon region were the provinces with the highest concentration of cases. Conclusions: The epidemiological evolution of Chagas disease in Ecuador showed stability in recent years, with a predominance of chronic cases and active transmission in endemic areas. The findings confirmed the need to expand screening in pregnant women, strengthen entomological surveillance, and maintain sustained community campaigns to reduce the disease burden.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    ABSCESO HEPÁTICO COMO PRECURSOR DEL CÁNCER COLORRECTAL
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-07)
    Amores Alvarez, Lissette Aracely
    ;
    Cevallos Teneda, Andrea Carolina
    Pyogenic cryptogenic liver abscesses (HA) have been called precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). The importance of the relationship between these pathologies resides in the diagnosis and early treatment of cancer, so the investigation of the underlying causes of the development of cryptogenic liver abscesses is required. The objective of this review was to expose the studies that show the prevalence of AH as a preceding sign of CRC, from which a range of 1.9 to 13.9% was identified, according to studies of Asian populations. The location, number, and symptoms of AH did not show a specific relationship with the intestinal pathology, while diabetes mellitus and the presence of klebsiella pneumoniae were the incident factors in most CRC cases. One of the mechanisms identified was bacterial translocation from the altered intestinal wall, the pathogenesis of the microorganisms involved, and immunocompromised states. Together, these factors determine the development of liver abscesses as precursors of colonic neoplastic processes.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Determinación de factores asociados a la anemia en niños menores de dos años, mediante una revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08)
    Usama Ambuludi, Gabriela Anahi
    ;
    Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo
    Anemia in children under two years of age is a serious public health problem in which a number of personal, social and economic factors are involved. The objecti ve of this review was to carry out a bibliographic review on the factors associated with anemia in children under two years of age. A systematic review was carried out from sources located in the Medline (PubMed), Scielo, VHL and Cochrane Library Plus databases. Original articles, reviews and reports from health entities that addressed infants up to 2 years of age and diagnosed with anemia, published in Spanish and English and disseminated in the period 2017-2022, were included. A total of 15 bibliographic sources directly related to the factors associated with anemia in children under 2 years of age were included in the systematic review. With the review, it is concluded that anemia in children under two years of age are heterogeneous and vary according to the different stages of life, but there is a relationship with a series of variables, among which are the nutritional condition of the mother, socioeconomic level and the eating behaviors of the family and the society to which it belongs, as well as conditions or pathologies that delay its growth and development.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Implementación de un protocolo de diagnóstico epidemiológico para la determinación la incidencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes adultos que se atienden en el centro de salud de Pasa – Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-11)
    Chagcha Frutos, Alexandra Alice
    ;
    Urbina Salazar, Anabell del Rocío PhD
    Gastrointestinal diseases being one of the main public health problems in Ecuador, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, or by the consumption of contaminated water or food; its prevalence depends on the socioeconomic level of the patients, the pathogens involved are viruses, parasites and bacteria. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic methods used in the health center of Pasa to establish Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the phase of eradication of the posttreatment microorganism, to implement an epidemiological diagnostic protocol to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection Helicobacter pylori in adult patients treated at the Pasa - Tungurahua health center through the systematic use of the Immunochromatography test of the rapid test of the Antigen in feces with the specificity of 98.4% that allowed confirming the diagnosis and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, analyzing the presence of risk factors in the study population. The methodology used was observational field type, prospective during the period September 2021-March 2022, it was carried out in two phases; the first was the determination of the current conditions of the prevalence and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the second the determination of the eradication of the infection with the treatment of the patients who required it in the first phase, the collection of data, surveys were applied that were validated by professionals of the institution according to parameters of reliability, validity and objectivity. The results obtained show the prevalence of 52% of the patients of the studied sample that present concomitant factors for infection, the sample was 50 patients, 92.31% of patients, the pharmacological therapy used served for sensitization and eradication, 7.69% were obtained where apparently the treatment did not have an effect, but not due to the action of the treatment but due to the lack of adherence, a condition that can favor bacterial resistance. UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO CENTRO DE POSGRADOS 17 It is concluded that according to the results the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is significant with 52% in the study population. The epidemiological diagnosis protocol was implemented that will serve as a guide in the care of patients who present symptoms related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The use of rapid tests by detecting fecal antigens for the determination of Helicobacter pylori and the performance of the second tests for the eradication of the infection were made known to the medical and technical personnel in the Health Unit. patients on the prevention of infection, diagnosis and treatment to eradicate the bacteria to avoid complications and support the process of timely and efficient care for patients with this morbidity to avoid relevant mortality.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Caracterización de aspectos epidemiológicos en la pandemia covid 19 a partir de una plataforma integrada aplicada en el cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-06-01)
    Jurado Cobo, Alan Alexander
    ;
    Leiva Suero, Lizette Elena PhD.
    This is an applied research, based on the compilation of longitudinal and prospective experimental explanatory studies, consisting of the development of an application based on emerging technologies for the characterization of the epidemiological aspects in the COVID-19 Pandemic, caused by the SARS coronavirus. -Cov-2, applied for research purposes in a sample of the population of the Ambato canton with a total of 911 patients. As knowledge, it all started with a report of several infections of atypical pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, it soon spread throughout the world, until it reached our country, Ecuador, leaving one of the most devastating havoc in all history. of humanity, which continues to affect and shock the world population with its deadly characteristics and great capacity for mutation, therefore, it was decided to create this type of application so that it can contribute and help in the management of this infectious-contagious disease. Obtaining a diagnostic efficiency through the platform with evidence of a high specificity greater than 95% with a sensitivity of a little more than 56%. The main objective is to evaluate epidemiological aspects in the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ambato canton through an integrated platform based on emerging technologies, specifically, discover some epidemiological aspects of said pandemic, identify the geolocation of the pandemic and analyze the results. of the epidemiological characterization of it, in order to support local actions aimed at control and prevention in the community. The evaluation process allowed obtaining relevant epidemiological data for the characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ambato canton, consisting of the sample of 911 patients from the aforementioned canton, self-assessed by the platform during the period from October 5, 202 to April 30, 2021.