Tesis Ingeniería Industrial Procesos de Automatización

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/17

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.RIESGO

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    Riesgos mecánicos en el área de estructurado de la empresa Carrocerías Pérez
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-09) Pérez Carrera, Christian Rafael; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
    The purpose of this research project entitled "Mechanical risks in the structured area of the company Carrocerías Pérez" is to identify, estimate and evaluate the existing mechanical risks in the structured area of the organization, since there are currently several inherent sources of danger and risk factors that can cause damage or injury to workers who carry out their work activities. The results found in the study show that in the company's production process there are 1428 sources of danger, of which 90 (6.30%) are physical, 65 (4.55%) are chemical, 148 (10.36%) are biological, 299 (20.94%) are ergonomic, 275 (19.26%) are psychosocial, 150 (10.50%) are major accidents, 401 (28.08%) are mechanical. On the other hand, according to the risk estimation carried out, there are 870 (60.92%) moderate risks, 475 (33.26%) major risks and 83 (5.81%) intolerable risks in the entire production process. Specifically in the structured area and with respect to mechanical risks, it was found that there are 101 sources of mechanical hazards, of which 36 are moderate risks, 49 are important risks and 16 are intolerable risks. The latter were considered for the risk assessment, using the GTC-45 methodology, because they are more dangerous. In this sense, 6.25% of the intolerable risks need an intervention level I, i.e. it is a critical situation and requires urgent corrections; while 43.75% have an intervention level II, so it is necessary to adopt or correct control measures, on the other hand, 50% of these risks have an intervention level III, i.e. they can be improved. Finally, for risk control and preventive action, an industrial safety plan is proposed, which contains information on the organization, methods for risk assessment and a series of procedures and programs that will contribute to the proper and safe development of operations in the structured area.
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    Riesgo de incendio en las instalaciones del grupo Mil”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-09) Rosero Casa, Jessica Daniela; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    The risk of fire in organizations can present itself with intrinsic potentials that cause economic and mainly human losses, due to the lack of means, protocols and resources destined to the prevention or control of these risks. In this sense, the preparation of a contingency plan to reduce the risk of fire in the companies of Mil group was of vital importance. This study was carried out in the companies Milpolimeros, Milboots and Milplast. For the development of this research, the Diamante methodology was used to determine the level of vulnerability of these organizations. On the other hand, for the evaluation of the risk of fire, the Meseri method was used in the companies of the Mil group. The research was descriptive through field research on the facilities of the Mil group. The vulnerability with respect to the human factor of the three companies of the Mil group according to the diamond method is high in the event of a fire; while with the Meseri method, the fire risk assessment for the Mil group companies showed that there are unacceptable risks in the Milpolimeros logistics area with an index of 4.6, in the Milboots warehouse area with an index of 4.5 and in the Milplast warehouse area with an index of 4.4. Finally, it is concluded from the investigation that the companies of Mil group have a high probability of suffering fire outbreaks and causing material, economic and, above all, human losses.
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    Riesgo ergonómico derivado de la actividad manual en los operarios del departamento de producción de la empresa Reencauchadora de la Sierra, Caucho Sierra S.A.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-09) Chuncha Ashqui, Erika Carolina; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), musculoskeletal disorders account for 59% of all occupational diseases worldwide. One of the causes of this issue is ergonomic risks associated with forced postures, repetitive movements, manual lifting of loads, among other risk factors. Therefore, the research objective is to assess the ergonomic risk arising from manual activities among the workers in the production department of the company Reencauchadora de la Sierra, Caucho Sierra S.A. The research was of a descriptive nature, based on ergonomic assessment methods within a population of six (6) males, in the areas of reaming, banding, and vulcanization; the results determined that in the vulcanization area, two workers are exposed to a high level of risk (score 10) due to postural load, evaluated using the REBA method; in the reaming area, three workers are exposed to a moderate level of disergonomic risk (score 1.5) due to manual lifting of loads evaluated by the NIOSH method, and an unacceptable level of risk (score 22.5) for repetitive movements evaluated with the OCRA method; finally, in the buffing area, one worker has an unacceptable risk level (score 22.5) due to repetitive movements evaluated with the OCRA method. It is concluded that the studied workforce population is overexposed to disergonomic risks due to postural load, manual lifting of loads, and repetitive movements that could affect their health.
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    Protocolos de bioseguridad en la Unidad Educativa Aníbal Salgado Ruiz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2022-09) Tixe Guamán, Edisson Orlando; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
    Educational activities as a result of the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus have generated sources of biological hazards which can cause health and safety problems in education workers, therefore the need for a study of biological risks present is essential to prevent future complications, currently should consider the importance of implementing biosafety protocols in educational institutions given the recent emergence of variants of viruses that change their characteristics and make them immune to the vaccine an example of these is the Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 which have returned to the mandatory biosecurity measures. Within the research the use of various methodologies for risk management is highlighted, thus for the identification of sources of danger and followed by their estimation the INSST Binary Method was used which allowed a first impression of the current state of the institution, for the evaluation the Biogaval method was applied which was able to provide the impact of the biological risk caused by the Covid-19 virus giving rise to the need for the creation of protocols to correct these drawbacks. It is concluded with the importance of the creation of biosecurity protocols attached to the reality of the Anibal Salgado Ruiz Educational Unit considering the 3 fundamental axes of risk control (source, environment and individual) that will serve as a tool for the mitigation and control of Covid-19 contagion, guaranteeing a safe stay within the institution.
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    Sistema de gestión técnica de seguridad industrial para la prevención de accidentes laborales en la empresa Multirepcar
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2022-09) Naranjo Romero, Christian Alberto; Gavidia García, José Luis
    This research work was carried out at the facilities of Multirepcar, a company dedicated to the repair of light and heavy vehicles, distribution of lubricating oils and marketing of spare parts in the central zone of Ecuador. The problems in the company are due to the presence of risks that influence the generation of accidents and occupational diseases, so the objective is the development of a technical management system of industrial safety for the prevention of occupational accidents. The technical management included four main stages. In the first stage concerning the identification of risk factors, hazard identification sheets were used for each work station, systematizing the most relevant information for the study, identifying thirty sources. In stage two, regarding the evaluation and assessment, the binary method was used for an initial estimation of the risk factors, with 53% of the risks of mechanical type prevailing, which were assessed with the William T. Fine methodology, then for the physical risk due to noise, a sound level meter measurement was performed based on the strategy of the work position (function) according to the UNE-EN-ISO 9612 standard, obtaining noise levels that are not high risk, then the ergonomic risk due to forced postures was evaluated with the REBA method, obtaining a medium and high risk level, and finally for the risk of major fire accident the MESERI method was applied, determining a very slight risk due to the existing fire control systems in the company. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a need to implement controls mainly for mechanical and ergonomic risk factors, for which certain control and improvement measures were established for the different risks detected, focused on minimizing possible accidents in the company.
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    Diseño de un sistema de gestión ambiental basado en la norma ISO 14001 en la empresa Indiquimica S.A.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2022-09) Montesdeoca Cruz, Erika Micaela; Jordán Hidalgo, Edisson Patricio
    The present research work focuses on the environmental risks of the company INDIQUIMICA S.A., where information was collected to know the initial situation of the organization, taking into account that the company is dedicated to the production of disinfection chemicals for home, industrial and institutional, for this reason the purpose was to carry out a risk analysis and a manual to mitigate them. In order to know the level of compliance with the standard, a check list of ISO 14001:2015 was carried out, where the percentage per chapter and globally of INDIQUIMICA S.A. was determined, as well as compliance with the current legal matrix in Ecuador, After that, the risks and dangers generated in the production activities were analyzed, evaluated and estimated, where the possible scenarios were weighted according to the UNE 150001: 2008 standard, which allowed knowing the level of risk in the 3 environments evaluated. being these natural, human, and socioeconomic. For the mitigation of the risks evaluated, an Environmental Management System Manual was made where the files, procedures and protocols are documented to reduce the consequences of the risks found in the different procedures of the company, as well as waste is considered. created by such activities and how to prevent them from harming workers.
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    Evaluación de riesgos en las instalaciones de la empresa de faenamiento "SUPER POLLO'S SM"
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2022-03) Rosero Torres, Jefferson David; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    The occupational risks present in the poultry slaughtering companies that influence the generation of accidents and occupational diseases, this problem is not different in the slaughtering company "Super Pollo's SM", for which the research has as objective the evaluation of risks potential found in the facilities of said organization. To carry out the evaluation, a quantitative approach is used with a descriptive investigation, in which the identification of sources of danger is addressed through observation, risk estimation through the matrix of the binary method and evaluation of the most important risks through of the use of the William T. Fine methodology for mechanical risks, Biogaval for biological risks, GINHST for ergonomic risks due to lifting loads, psychosocial risk evaluation matrix of the Ministry of Labor of Ecuador, measurement for the case of noise through the UNE-EN-ISO 9612 standard and lighting uniformity working with the Mexican 025S standard. The results show that workers are exposed to falls of people at the same level, handling of sharp tools, lifting loads, avian influenza, on the other hand, the presence of nonuniform lighting was determined with a breach of the 4 areas at 64.98%. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a need to implement controls for mechanical, ergonomic, biological risk factors and lighting uniformity, which are linked to possible accidents and illnesses within the organization.
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    Estudio de riesgos laborales para prevenir enfermedades ocupacionales y accidentes de trabajo en las oficinas de la Asociación Mutualista de Ahorro y Crédito para la vivienda Ambato.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2021-09) López Yamberla, Diego Israel; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    The unsafe work conditions in financial institutions generate danger sources that could cause health and security problems for its workers. Thus there is the need of a labor risks study to prevent occupational illnesses and accidents at work offices. The risk analysis is made using the Binary method of the National Health and Safety at Work Institute of Spain. This method is used in 18 workstations where 27 persons are involved. In the moderate and important risks evaluation it was used the BIOGAVAL method for biological risks, the ROSA methods for the ergonomic and the Psychosocial Risks Evaluation from and Ecuadorian Social Security Institute. The results found reveal 205 dangers, of which the most representative according to the Binary Method correspond to biological, ergonomic and psychosocial factors. The biological risk is due to the pathogen related to The COVID 19 pandemic which transmission occurs in a direct way because of the person to person and also in an indirect way due to the transmission of contaminated objects. Regarding the psychosocial risks it is important to mention the absence of team work and support to solve problems and also the lack leadership. Finally in the ergonomic aspect, the used method stablishes that the 56,6% of the workstations evaluated show high and low risks due to the bad sizing in function of the anatomy of the workers. In conclusion, there is a need of adding controls to the 3 risk factors evaluated according to the current legislation in Ecuador.