Maestría en Gestión Ambiental

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    Concentración de material particulado sedimentable para la determinación del grado de contaminación de aire en la Av. Confraternidad, Cantón Pelileo.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Ambiental, 2022-06-16) Cevallos Bonilla, Jennyfer Cristina; Chóez Pin, Jorge Olmedo
    The increase in air pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems caused by natural and anthropogenic activities. The research proposed to determine the concentration of sedimentable particulate matter at nine points along La Confraternidad Avenue in the Pelileo canton, through the application of passive monitoring for one month as established by current Ecuadorian environmental regulations and the World Health Organization, as well as the use of scanning electron microscopy. This monitoring was carried out in December 2021. The final conclusion was that the highest concentration of settleable particulate matter that did not comply with the maximum limit established by the World Health Organization, which is 0,5 mg/cm²/month, was at point one of the Benitez Roundel, where the value found was 0,59 mg/cm²/month, point five of the Andersson Jeans Laundry and Dry Cleaner's with 0,51 mg/cm²/month, and point six of the Lavaclassic Laundry and Dry Cleaner's with 0,52 mg/cm²/month. However, when comparing the results with the maximum limit allowed by current Ecuadorian environmental regulations, the nine points monitored do comply with the provisions of this legal body. For the chemical composition of the sedimentable atmospheric dust samples, a total of 18 chemical elements were obtained with large percentages of O= 55,07 %, C= 14,06%, Si= 16,37 %, Rb= 9,61 % and N= 9,15 %, while for the physical analysis spheres, ellipses, rounded, cubes, irregular shapes or fractal geometry, angular and porous plates of sizes greater than 10 μm were obtained. At the same time, the dispersion of sedimentable particulate matter was determined by means of wind direction maps, using data from the meteorological stations of Huambaló and Guadalupe in the Pelileo canton, obtaining preliminary information that the highest concentration was at point one of the Benítez traffic circle. Finally, in order to know how the health of the people on Confraternidad Avenue has been affected, a survey of 169 people was conducted. It is emphasized that 89% of the population knows about the issue of sedimentable particulate matter, as well as the effects that this generates on people's health. The 96% of the people mentioned that they have been affected by the existing SPM and the highest type of health problem was allergies with 62% and that the reason for these harmful reactions, according to 48% of the population, is the activity of the industrial sector. In turn, 100% of the population does not know if the canton of Pelileo has a plan to improve ambient air quality, and 94% of the population indicates that the competent authorities should take measures to reduce air pollution in the Confraternity Avenue sector.
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    Evaluación del efecto del cambio climático como amenaza para los páramos de Llangahua, cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Ambiental, 2022-07-11) Flores Paredes, Jose Luis; Chóez Pin, Jorge Olmedo
    The Llangahua paramo is an area populated by indigenous people and peasants whose main economic activity is linked to agriculture and the use of natural resources. With the growth of the population, pressures grow from groups of comuneros, in particular from those who had many animals, to have more land from the paramo by continuing to raise the agricultural frontier by 10 m. This added to the excessive presence of animals in the paramo, the constant burning of the grasslands, the felling of the native forest for the extraction of wood, the reduction and hardening of the swamp areas, the capture of new water sources, and the opening of new roads, evidences a progressive degradation of natural resources, whose most serious features were expressed in (1) the scarcity of water for irrigation and domestic use and (2) the loss of the paramo's regulatory capacity. In the area of Llangahua, the situation of the paramo was starting from a crisis, reaching 10% of strong erosion and a process of permanent overgrazing in the paramo with a stocking rate of 0.42 bov/ha which endangered 300, 22 ha of wetlands.Therefore, it was decided to declare the 6,213 ha of communal moorland a `protected reserve` and indivisible. These 6,213 ha of the community reserve agreement were added to the 3,205 ha of grasslands of the Pucutahua Association, achieving a continuous reserve of 9,418 ha in the province of Tungurahua. This research work concludes that the state of the Llangahua páramo regarding plant cover and water resources gradually improved during the 2013 - 2021 period, because it is aimed at laying the fundamental foundations of a recovery, conservation and management plan sustainable use of natural resources (water, paramo, forest remnants) through social agreements and the implementation of productive alternatives for the communities near the study area.
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    Producción más limpia como mecanismo de gestión ambiental para prevenir, mitigar o eliminar el impacto ambiental generado por la descarga final del agua residual industrial durante el funcionamiento del Camal Municipal del cantón Latacunga
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Ambiental, 2022-07-26) Figueroa Robalino, Jerson Stalin; Chóez Pin, Jorge Olmedo
    The objective of this research was to develop the Cleaner Production methodology as an environmental management mechanism to prevent, mitigate or eliminate the environmental impact caused by the operation of the municipal slaughterhouse of Latacunga Canton during the final discharge of industrial wastewater. For this reason, it was a descriptive research and the scientific, descriptive, analytical and documentary method was considered, using observation and collection of primary and secondary information, taking into account the entire universe of 25 people working in the place. In this sense, favorable results were obtained that benefit environmentally in the reduction of water consumption in 164187.3 m3/year, reduction in the generation of industrial wastewater in 147768.57 m3/year. Additionally, the collection of blood in 44,663 kg/year, collection of waste in 114,798 m3/year and collection of manure from the corral area in 18,048 m3/year, generating a total of 177,509 kg/year of waste for sale. On the other hand, the economic benefits according to the projections in case study No. 1 with an investment of $15,750, was recovered in 14 months with an IRR of 89.2%. In this sense, a reduction of the water resource of $8,756.66 was obtained, minimization of wastewater of $9,851.24. In addition, case study No. 2, with an investment of $11,600 was recovered in 3 months and an internal rate of return of 445.2%, profits were obtained from the sale of blood of $11,165.85, waste of $51,658.97 and manure of $6,316.70, demonstrating its economic feasibility. For this reason, it was demonstrated that this environmental management methodology is viable for implementation in the Latacunga municipal slaughterhouse. In this sense, it contributes to the reduction, mitigation and elimination caused by wastewater during operation and in this way it will comply with current environmental regulations.