Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas
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Item Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades diarreicas agudas con base a la evaluación microbiológica del agua de consumo humano(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Martínez Saltos, Franklin Esteban Lic.; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lcda. Mg.The water they consume in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo is contaminated by coliforms, which remain causing acute diarrheal diseases in the inhabitants. The purpose of this investigation is to design a tactic for community prevention of acute diarrheal diseases by evaluating the microbiological quality of water for human consumption. For the investigation, 30 water samples were taken from random homes using the table of random numbers, the water was analyzed using the membrane filtration procedure, having as a consequence that the water in the parish has high levels of coliforms and does not comply with the technical rule NTE INEN 1108. The results obtained from the microbiological studies of the recent water samples will be compared with the results obtained previously, to check if the water has improved its quality, as well as a survey using the same questions used before and the recent results will be compared with the previous ones and to establish if the acute diarrheal pathologies have diminished. A community prevention plan will be applied to improve the quality of life of the residents of the parishItem Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades diarreicas agudas a partir de la evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Argotti Zumbana, Carlos Fabián Lic.; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PHD.Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADD) represent one of the conditions produced mainly by the consumption of contaminated water, the most affected population worldwide being children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas, where wastewater treatment is inappropriate. Human waste is discharged into open latrines, canals, and streams, or is spread on farmland. It is estimated that these diseases affect 1.5 million children annually and constitute the second cause of death in children under five years of age, with an estimated 525,000 each year. There are many underground water springs, which constitute an important source of water for human consumption and agricultural use, which are affected by the contamination caused by the nearby septic tanks that contain organic waste, animal feces or by agro-chemicals, coming from the agricultural activity which infiltrate through the soil and reach these water sources, also due to the physical conditions of the catchment points, which are not ideal in infrastructure; giving rise to the alteration of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water and therefore the quality of life of the people who are supplied in different ways from these deposits consider ourselves a vehicle for the transport of pathogens that cause epidemic diseases, toxic infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as amoebic dysentery, diarrhea, abdominal pain, among others. The water quality assessment is based on the determination of specific chemicals that can affect health after exposure. It is a multi-approach process that studies the physical, chemical, and biological nature of water in relation to natural quality, human and aquatic health-related effects. This research arises from the need of the community's inhabitants to have water for direct consumption or for quality agriculture. Therefore, the study of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the spring waters is of great relevance. used by the community of San Luis to prevent causes that generate diseases of water origin and sanitary danger. Interviews were conducted with the heads of households of the community of San Luis de Mulalillo, to determine the origin, distribution, and management of water and if any member of the family had ADD in the period of 9 months of study, water samples were collected of the different strategic points in the catchment, for its analysis in the laboratory and it was determined that acute diarrheal diseases are not only due to the fecal coliforms present in the water but also to other factors that the inhabitants are exposed to. It was shown that in the parameters pH, fluorides, turbidity, nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, they are in acceptability of the environmental quality while the parameters of nitrates, residual chlorine 17 and fecal coliforms exceed the maximum permissible limits, so that there could be a direct correlation with the appearance of acute diarrheal diseases in the infant and long-lived population of the community. The quality of the water of the Tunancay river slope is affected by the inadequate hygiene conditions of the homes near the river, as well as the waste of the animals that graze along the riverbanks and that the inhabitants do not take due care to that these are not close to the water springs, that is why a community prevention strategy was applied on the proper use and protocols to follow for the consumption of safe water in the population, together with the authorities and the community council and talks were established in order to prevent diarrheal diseases in the population, in addition to a proposal for them to carry out procedures inherent to the development of a necessary drinking water and sewerage project in this population. It is concluded that the water in the community of San Luis de Mulalillo is contaminated by total Colibacilli that exceed the maximum tolerable limits, as well as the presence of nitrates and residual chlorine