Maestría en Física Aplicada
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Item Modelo paramétrico de fluidos para gases de combustión de un motor a gasolina extra(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Gavilanes Sani, Jorge Anibal; Hidalgo Díaz, Víctor HugoThe present investigation is focused on the simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of the combustion gases in an extra gasoline engine using the Ansys software. As a first step, the selection of the input parameters was carried out in order to investigate if they have any influence on the production of combustion gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and unburned hydrocarbons (HNC). Once both the input and output parameters were selected, the levels of each input parameter were established in order to create treatments based on the experimental design (DOE) and building a 3 factorial design with a total of 9 treatments without repetition to proceed. The next step was to use the geometry of the combustion chamber that the software itself provides, build the areas of interest using the Design modeler software, perform the mesh considering meshes in more detail in areas of interest such as the spray and the ignition point using Meshing Autodine software. In the third step, the Navier Stokes equations were solved using the 𝑘 - 𝜀 (RNG) Re-Normalisation Group turbulence model in conjunction with the fuel injection chemistry and the fuel injection model. The last step consists of setting the simulation environment when selecting the ignition model for modeling the turbulence of the flame, defining the boundary conditions and the start of the combustion chamber. The procedure detailed in the previous paragraph was carried out for the 9 treatments proposed by the factorial design and once each of the simulations had been completed, the results obtained during the combustion process that occurred between the angles were analyzed and interpreted. piston displacement from 720 to 740 Crank Angle (CA).Item Evaluación de los efectos de flujo cavitativo en estrangulamiento aplicado a válvulas reductoras hidráulicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Méndez Cambell, Guillermo Diego; Hidalgo Díaz, Víctor HugoIn this master’s thesis, the cavitating flow in a hydraulic valve was investigated, emphasizing the numerical study of the cavitating flow in the globe valve using techniques related to computational fluid dynamics CFD. OpenFoam as free and opensource CFD software was used for the simulation. The main objective is to understand the cavitating phenomenon from the formation to the collapse of the cavity. The necessary methodology was developed to study the different stages in the formation of cavities. Using CAD tools, the geometry of the globe valve was built, and through snappyHexMesh tools, the study domain was optimized. The PIMPLE algorithm was used for the numerical resolution of the governing equations, the turbulence model used is k − ωSST and cavitation models used is Schnerr-Sauer.Item Modelo paramétrico que representa la generación de gomas en un inyector de motor de cuatro tiempos alimentado por gasolina extra y eco país(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Delgado Rodríguez, Sivananda Salmanazar; Hidalgo Díaz, Víctor HugoThis research work quantifies the formation of gums in the injector of a gasoline engine. The model, based on the chemical kinetics’ laws, needs pressure curves, temperature, injector temperature, nitrogen oxide concentration, nitrogen monoxide concentration and fuel leakage, with reference to the rotation angle of the crankshaft for an engine cycle, obtained through the engine simulation using Ansys program and the values estimated by literature review. Chemical kinetics is implemented by using a Python code. The analysis is applied with an experimental design of 2^2 , in which the fuel (Extra and Ecopaís) and the injector temperature (T=150 𝑜 𝐶 y T=190 𝑜 𝐶) are varied. The results revealed that the formation of gums is 0.105 [𝜇𝑀/ciclo] for (Extra y T=150 𝑜𝐶), 0.096 [𝜇𝑀/ciclo] for (Ecopaís y T=150 𝑜𝐶), 0.04 [𝜇𝑀/ciclo] for (Extra y T=190 𝑜𝐶), and 0.038 [𝜇𝑀/ciclo] for (Ecopaís y T=190 𝑜𝐶). Formation of gums is greater for Extra fuel than for Ecopaís one, regardless of the temperature of the injector. The variance analysis, the F-statistic=308 higher than the F Critical=161, allows to conclude that temperature is the influential factor in the formation of gums and, their formation is inversely proportional to the injector temperature, without being affected by the type of fuel.Item Simulación de los tanques de almacenamiento de la central Illuchi de la empresa eléctrica provincial Cotopaxi ELEPCO S.A mediante dinámica de fluidos computacional(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Salazar Achig, Edgar Roberto; Hidalgo Díaz, Víctor HugoThis research focused on the simulation of the storage tanks of the Illuchi plant, using OpenFOAM open source CFD software. It began with photogrammetry by drone to lift the geometry of the water storage structure, then it is modeled using CAD software for export in an STL file, with this being able to use the snappyHexMeshDict tool in the generation of the internal mesh of the flow in addition to the interFoam solver for incompressible fluids and the RAN By obtaining an optimal mesh of the geometry, the turbulence was reproduced with the k-ϵ RNG model, with which the phenomenon of turbulence of the tanks was roughly represented. ParaView and Gnuplot were used for the visualization and analysis of the results for their respective alidation with experimental values. Finally, after 594 hours of computational processing, overall results were obtained from the reproduction of the phenomenon the experimental part with an error of 4.2 % and 3.3 % in the numerical part for the Illuchi 1 and 2 plant respectively of the flow measurement at the outlets of the pressure pipes, obtaining characteristics of the flow that could be captured in the simulation.Item Simulación de un colector solar térmico de tubos de vacío(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Sánchez Salcán, Narcisa de Jesús; Reinoso Astudillo, Cristina IsabelSolar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and clean of all renewable energy resources to date, it allows to reduce both the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of harmful pollutants introduced into the atmosphere. Solar technologies are currently part of the global energy strategy, by virtue of which they do not present environmental or health risks. The present research allows to determine the optimal positioning of the vacuum tube solar collector located at the Escuela Politécnica Superior de Chimborazo for obtaining useful thermal energy. The type of research is correlational with a quantitative approach and an experimental design. Studies that include experimental and simulation models are reviewed, which helps to compare previous approaches with the current treatment of the problem. The mathematical model simulation was performed in the statistical software Rstudio, with three temperatures initials (T 1, T2, T3) and with different angles of tilt starting at 10ºC to 60 ºC and with 4 angles orientation (0 ◦, 30◦, 60◦and 90). It is concluded that the water temperature in the solar collector system is inversely related to the angle of inclination, since when increasing said angle from 10º to 60º it was observed that the water temperature decreases, therefore if you want to maximize the water temperature it should be placed with an angle of inclination of 10º and 0º orientation