Maestría en Medicina Veterinaria, mención en Clínica y Cirugía de Pequeñas Especies
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/46562
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Item Detección de cristaluria en perros (Canis lupus familiaris) en un refugio en la ciudad de Ambato(2026-06) Mangui Garcia, Erick Ricardo; Mora Tola, Miguel AndrésThe purpose of this research was to identify the presence of crystalluria in dogs from the Patitas Nobles shelter, located in Ambato, and to analyze its relationship with biological, clinical, and urinary variables, such as crystal type, age, sex, urinary pH, and urine specific gravity. The study used a quantitative approach with a nonexperimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. The population consisted of 140 dogs, from which 103 individuals were selected according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each animal underwent a general clinical evaluation followed by physical, chemical, and microscopic urinalysis. The findings showed that 21.36% of the analyzed samples presented crystalluria, while 78.64% did not show urinary crystals. The most frequent crystals were struvite, followed by calcium oxalate, cystine, and urates. From a descriptive perspective, crystalluria was observed more frequently in senior dogs and females; however, these relationships should be interpreted cautiously and according to the statistical significance values obtained for each variable. Struvite crystals were mainly observed in neutral and alkaline pH, whereas calcium oxalate and urate crystals were more frequent in acidic or neutral conditions. In conclusion, this study shows a relevant frequency of crystalluria in the evaluated shelter dogs and provides local information useful for early diagnosis, preventive monitoring, nutritional management, and clinical decisionmaking in shelter canine populations.Item Efecto de protocolos con acepromacina y dexmedetomidina, sobre la producción lagrimal en caninos sometidas a orquiectomía y ovariohisterectomía(2026-05) Pujos Pérez, Andrés Sebastián; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThe primary objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the effects of two widely used premedication agents, acepromazine and dexmedetomidine, on tear production in canine patients undergoing sterilization surgeries (orchiectomy and ovariohysterectomy) at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Ambato through a sterilization campaign. To achieve this purpose, a clinical experimental study was conducted with a sample of 80 canine patients randomly assigned to two treatment groups. The quantification of the aqueous phase of the tear film was performed using the Schirmer Tear Test I (STT-I), executed in a standardized manner at four key diagnostic intervals: baseline prior to medication (M0), fifteen minutes post-premedication administration (M1), during the intraoperative period (M2), and finally during the postoperative period (M3). Statistical results revealed that both anesthetic protocols induce a significant reduction in tear production compared to baseline values, which were above 15 mm/min. However, dexmedetomidine demonstrated a much more potent and early inhibitory effect, a finding attributed to its mechanism of action as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that reduces lacrimal gland metabolism. For its part, acepromazine showed a moderate but persistent decrease, confirming that even phenothiazines compromise ocular hydration. It is concluded that both protocols induce a critical reduction in tears during the intraoperative period, being significantly deeper with dexmedetomidine (7 mm/min) than with acepromazine (12 mm/min), starting from a baseline value of 25 mm/min. Despite a partial recovery in the postoperative phase (17 mm/min and 19 mm/min, respectively), values did not return to initial physiological levels. Additionally, the study included a sample divided into two age ranges: young adults (1 to 4 years) and mature adults (5 to 8 years), determining that age did not significantly influence the variability of tear secretion under the evaluated drugs.Item Reemplazo total de cadera (THR: total hip replacement) como solución a patologías específicas de cadera en perros(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Maestría En Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-03) Masaquiza Lizano, Edgar Patricio; Mora Tola, Miguel AndrésTotal hip replacement (THR) is the surgical option of choice in dogs with hip dysplasia or severe coxofemoral luxation, as it restores joint biomechanics and enhances quality of life. The objective of this study was to plan, perform, and evaluate a canine total hip replacement using the BlueSAO biological system, supported by digital preoperative planning with iBlueVet® software. The procedure was performed on a 22.3 kg female Golden Retriever diagnosed with advanced joint degeneration. The methodology included digital preoperative templating, selection of implant components (acetabular cup 22 mm, stem N.º 6, modular head 13 + 3), and multimodal anesthetic protocol. Surgery was conducted under strict aseptic conditions using a minimally invasive craniolateral approach, progressive acetabular reaming (90°–45°), and sequential femoral canal preparation (sizes 2–7). The biological cup and femoral stem were impacted sequentially, followed by trial fitting, final assembly, and immediate postoperative radiographic verification. Results demonstrated accurate orientation of all prosthetic components without intraoperative complications. Postoperative radiographs confirmed proper alignment and restoration of the hip’s center of rotation. The patient exhibited stable recovery with controlled mobility and absence of acute pain. It is concluded that the BlueSAO biological system combined with digital surgical planning enhances intraoperative precision and immediate joint stability. Total hip replacement remains the gold-standard treatment for end-stage degenerative joint disease, providing early functional recovery and significant improvement in the patient’s quality of life