Maestría en Telecomunicaciones
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Item Sistema de estimación de producción de cultivo de mora empleando visión artificial y machine learning(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Aldaz Saca Fabricio Javier; Ibarra Rojano Gilber Andrés; Córdova Córdova Edgar PatricioBlackberry cultivation is a significant sector of the national economy due to its high demand at both local and international levels. However, growers face considerable challenges in attempting to accurately predict production. Conventional methods, which rely heavily on manual procedures, are often inaccurate and prone to human error, potentially compromising planning and resulting in economic losses. The system developed in this research is composed of four fundamental stages: acquisition, processing, training, and analysis. For data collection, a DJI Mini 2 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was utilized, capable of capturing real-time images of the crops. During processing, these images were analyzed using computer vision techniques, employing tools such as OpenCV and the YOLOv8m detection model. The model was trained with a specific dataset that included photographs of blackberries at different stages of maturity: green, red, and purple. To project potential losses due to factors such as pests, adverse weather, and drought, a Monte Carlo-based simulation was integrated. The results were presented in a graphical interface designed to facilitate visualization and analysis, assisting growers in optimizing their decision-making. The system exhibited 80.55% reliability in blackberry identification and counting, with data captured directly in the field. Furthermore, the simulations yielded a comprehensive evaluation of potential adverse scenarios, enabling more precise and realistic estimates.Item Sistema de captación de energía electromagnética para abastecimiento de energía en dispositivos móviles(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Criollo Paredes, Walter Iván; Gordón Gallegos, Carlos DiegoThe constant growth of energy demand and its future vision of energy supply in many areas of science, engineering and technology, especially in mobile devices,makeenvironmentally friendly and environmentally friendly electromagnetic energy harvesting a high demand alternative in energy generation.They make environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly electromagnetic energy harvesting a high demand alternative in power generation.Therefore, the present work focuses on the development, design, simulation of two Microstrip antennas for electromagnetic energy harvesting systems. The first, is the Hybrid Resonator Planar Structure Antenna (HR-PSA) that operates at a specific frequency of 900MHz, while the other is an Archimedean Spiral Multiband Antenna (ASMA) that works in a frequency range of 1 to 3 GHz, both were developed for energy harvesting systems.Item Sistema de monitoreo de salud estructural (SHM) de puentes de hormigon mediante redes WSN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) López Naranjo, Saúl Gabriel; Salazar Escobar, Fabián RodrigoThis project designs a structural health monitoring system (SHM Structural Health Monitoring), based on WSN networks to control the integrity, safety and performance of the structure of a concrete bridge through the deployment of several sensors, responsible for constantly recording the vibrations caused by vehicular flow, pedestrian or due to unpredictable events caused by nature, such as earthquakes, high winds etc.. This wireless sensor network has a dynamic architecture, consisting of several stages, first there are the sensors also known as nodes which are located at the most critical points of the structure, the same that are responsible for recording the vibrations during time intervals. Subsequently, the information obtained is transmitted by radiofrequency signals to the central node or Gateway, which is in charge of collecting the information received from the nodes and sharing it with a computer located at the base station. As a result of the monitoring, a strong correlation was found between the length of the bridge and its respective vibration periods, regardless of the thickness of the concrete structure of the bridge. With this research, a baseline or reference line on the behavior of this type of bridges was established, so that in the future there will be a continuous follow-up and updating of the recorded information, with the intention of predicting failures and damages caused either by the vehicular or human flow or due to the environmental forces to which the bridge is exposed.Item Arrays de Antenas Inteligentes para la Captación Óptima de Energía Electromagnética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Escobar Suárez, Ernesto Guillermo; Gordón Gallegos, Carlos DiegoSmart antennas are currently one of the most exploited fields in terms of wireless networks, allowing high data transmission capacities, this is achieved by focusing the radiation in the desired direction and adjusting to the environment and conditions in which communications are developed. Smart antennas employ a set of radiating and emitting and combining elements organized in the form of arrangements connected at a common point to guarantee the required power, the signals from these elements are combined to form a moving beam pattern that follows a pattern determined by the user or designer. The biggest challenge to apply smart antenna systems within the Electromagnetic energy harvesting in wireless communications is the ability of high frequency antennas to capture an adequate power level for energy harvesting and storage, therefore, a Great bandwidth to take advantage of various wavelengths present in the environment, such as 3G and WIFI frequencies (2.4 GHz). The consumption of energy within communication systems is considered a big problem and a challenge when carrying out implementations in media where the storage or recharging of the end terminals is complicated by their location, this trend grows with the presence of the Internet of the IoT things, where it is directly dependent on the construction of a large wireless network that allows everything to be interconnected, for this reason there are investigations in the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands and represents future work for the 5th Generation (5G) cell phone. The great possibility of collecting electromagnetic energy from densely populated urban areas becomes a great renewable source of power for communication devices for both existing Wi-Fi technology and new technologies such as the 5G network.Item Red de Transmisión de Datos a través de las Redes Eléctricas utilizando tecnología PLC (Power Line Communication)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Terán Espinosa, Diego Jacinto; Gordón Gallegos, Carlos DiegoThe purpose of research project is the implementation of a data transmission network through electrical networks using PLC (Power Line Communications) technology in the Mayorga Puerres Building. For which an investigation was carried out prior to the studies carried out by other researchers about this technology, as well as the evolution that it has had in the field of communications for the optimization of resources already installed in the infrastructures of buildings or industries to facilitate high-quality connectivity and security in the protection of data and services to be transmitted over this network. An analysis of the existing electrical network in the building is developed to have a dedicated link that allows to apply this technology within the offices and departments that are within the Mayorga Puerres Building and through the implementation of PLC equipment to have access to the services of a data network that provides internet, telephony and data services using installed power outlets. An analysis of several PLC technology equipment is also carried out in order to choose a device that is capable of providing you with the ease of expanding the network in the future as well as updating them without having to invest high costs and also have a correct performance of the proposed network. The analysis of the results tries to explain the physical connection between computers and PLC equipment, located in such a way that the injected signal achieves connectivity throughout the building's electrical system. In addition, the possible effects that it may have on power quality are analyzed, verifying that the equipment with PLC technology comply with the regulations of electrical network parameters, thus having a minimum impact on the other equipment that is connected to the network, without affecting the quality of the transmission between the different points and to be able to make an assessment that this network is safe against possible intrusions, by having its own hardware implemented within the equipment for better security through the 3DES protocol that provides encryption between GATEGAY equipment and CPEItem Plataforma de seguridad perimetral para un ISP (proveedor de servicios de internet)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Yacchirema Lumbi, Gladys Cristina; Guevara Aulestia, David OmarToday computer security plays an important role in all sectors of society starting with government agencies, educational institutions, financial institutions, health centers and of course companies; the commitment and responsibility of each of them is to safeguard their data and information of people which leads to use platforms to efficiently manage the threats that try to breach the security of a network. This research project aims to implement a perimeter security platform for the company Simantec, due to the business line of the company and the flow of information it handles, a perimeter security system covers the needs and requirements demanded by this entity, being the highest priority the protection of all data considered the most important asset of the entity. The implementation of a proprietary UTM (Unified Threat Manager) at the boundary of the Internet and LAN will mitigate the threats to which the data is exposed, functions such as antivirus, anti-spyware, anti-spam, network firewall, intrusion prevention and detection, and content filtering will maximize the security of the information. In addition, the creation of VPN to access the internal network from anywhere and access the company's services will increase security. At the same time, another defense equipment will be configured, a software UTM with the same functions of the proprietary UTM. The objective is to compare the two threat managers, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each one in order to choose the best option considering cost/benefit, features, performance, security and above all profitability. Finally, we propose the development of a plan of good security practices, with the aim that employees incorporate as a habit certain methods to prevent attacks carried out through malicious activities by third persons.Item Sistema de comunicación y transmisión de video en tiempo real a través de drones a larga distancia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Moreta Changoluiza, Janneth Elizabeth; Moreno Avilés, Hugo OswaldoOne of the major technological trends worldwide is the development and use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) civil and military fields. Nowadays, video transmission has become a trend, and as technology advances, the human being demands more sophisticated technological tools. In this case we are looking at better quality real-time video transmission which increases even more with the help of a drone allowing the user to have an overview of areas difficult to access. This article shows the design and implementation of a wireless communications system which allows transmission of video in real time (Streaming) from the DJI Matrice 600 Pro industrial drone in flight controlled from a ground base station. Software with SDR (Software Defined Radio) technology was used for this project, which has helped complete several stages of the system. With the exception of elements such as antennas or amplifiers, all of the blocks have been implemented normally. On the other hand, the use of hardware was minimized to the use of a computer with LabVIEW, USRPs, a drone, a camera and the antennas. For the verification of the results, the respective tests were carried out in a lab.Item Sistemas de comunicación air-to-air para trabajo colaborativo de drones en zonas rurales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Caicedo Altamirano, Fernando Sebastián; Moreno Avilés, Hugo OswaldoThis paper proposes the development and implementation of a communications system for multiple drones working in synchronization on the same task, as well as, the identification of optimal frequencies for optimal system performance. SDR technology was used by means of USRP NI-2932 devices and log-periodic antennas. The system was developed in LabVIEW. QAM modulation was used in the creation of a graphical interface for said system’s transmitter and the receiver. The performance tests were carried out in two stages. The first stage was held in a laboratory whilst the second was held in the field in a rural area. It was possible to identify that there is the highest amount of interference produced by drones in operation between 2 and 3 GHz and that 1.8 GHz is the optimal performance frequency for the communication system.Item Sistema de información geográfica para la gestión de los cultivos de la parroquia Izamba(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Velasco Arcos, Gonzalo Guillermo; Pallo Noroña, Juan PabloAgriculture is the backbone of Ecuador and our economy, which accounts for almost 9 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) and generates sources of employment above 30 per cent. Because of the increased demand for food, people are trying to make extra efforts and special techniques to multiply food production, that is, to get the most out of their plantations. The use of different technologies for the agricultural sector is one such effort. Apart from the use of scientific technologies in agriculture, information technology is being used extensively in this area. Technologies such as satellite navigation, sensor network, grid computing, ubiquitous computing, and context-conscious computing are supporting that domain to improve monitoring and decision-making capabilities. Today’s farmer is concerned because this work is becoming more and more expensive by inputs, water consumption, this only in traditional agriculture and if this is increased technology either for uncontrolled (outdoor) or controlled environments (greenhouse) would consider it an investment that they do not require as necessary, but due to the progress of other countries technology is already beginning to be considered within agriculture as a fundamental technique. However, the strength of the citizens who carry out the agricultural work is not technology, thanks to the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) efforts have been made to ensure that this sector receives some training from the Ecuadorian government and thus provide the farmer with the necessary knowledge not only in the area of soil and climate requirements but also in techniques that can be used within the Technology assisted tillage period. In general terms, this generates a discontent to much of the agricultural sector because it only remains in words and they do not have much knowledge in this part can not get to implement it in their crops and otherwise they would access an external person to carry out the processes I would like to make it clear to the House that the Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, Fisheries and Food Safety, has decided to set up a Committee of Inquiry into the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection. On the other hand, most of the techniques in which the so-called precision agriculture is used occur when the crops have already been selected and sown, but not before the sowing process, in this way a more significant contribution is intended to be made to the system to be developed, taking into account from the zero minute the soil and climatic conditions and according to it go for a less complicated decision-making when it comes to planting to get the best possible yield. The research proposes a user-friendly system for people engaged in agriculture and low cost. In the first instance, the technology based on wireless sensor networks (WSN) is used to access the soil and climate information that can be acquired through some sensors. Second, a mesh network is configured for the sending of information as multiple devices can be added to the network and in the event that there is a problem in a node, the system continues to function normally. Finally, the results are presented to the analysis carried out through the wireless sensor network system from the zero minute as it has been called to the process of making a decision before planting and indicating the location through a geographic information system. In addition, the advantages of using a wireless sensor network in traditional agriculture are evaluated and the results compared according to those obtained through the system. In addition to providing ease of handling with greater benefit to all people who perform this daily work within the country.Item Ruta óptima de tráfico de una red virtual basada en análisis de datos y algoritmo de Machine Learning(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Telecomunicaciones, 2021) Chávez Fuentes, Carla Patricia; Ríos Villacorta, Percy AlbertoThe present research topic aims to determine the óptimal traffic route of a virtual network based on data analysis and machine learning algorithms through traffic prediction. As in physical networks, in virtual networks, the óptimal design of a communication network is sought. Optimizing a data network is not an easy task, due to the complexity and the number of factors necessary to evaluate to obtain a solution that satisfies the end users [1] [2]. Therefore, in this proposal it is proposed to determine an óptimal traffic route of a virtual network, in order to reduce the unnecessary consumption of network bandwidth and other resources. Traffic analysis of a network is a key point in determining its architecture, which is why it has become a topic of great interest in recent years [3]. The great technological advance that has occurred in recent years, the development of artificial intelligence and the use of machine learning algorithms known by its acronym in English as machine learning (ML), have made it possible to solve several problems in the area of engineering and computer science [4]. Under this first, it is proposed to make use of ML algorithms to determine the óptimal route of traffic in a virtual network through its analysis of traffic and its status. To determine the óptimal route for network traffic, an objective function is intended to minimize the traffic in each node, making the most of the determined bandwidth. The analysis of the topology and architecture of the network will allow to determine the óptimal route for the network traffic so that the design meets the needs of the end users.
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