Laboratorio Clínico
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/817
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Item DETERMINACIÓN DE NIVELES DE ANTÍG E NO PROSTÁTICO TOTAL Y LIBRE Y SU RELACIÓ N CON LOS FACTOR ES DE RIESGO EN VARONES MAYORES DE 40 AÑOS DE LA PARROQUIA SAN ANDRÉS DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Maldonado Tandalla, Vanesa Jasmina; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoThe tumor markers total PSA and free PSA serve as an aid in the early diagnosis of prostate pathologies. The present research work sought to determine the levels of total and free prostate antigen and relate the data obtained with the risk factors in men over 40 years of age from the San Andrés Parish of the Santiago de Píllaro Canton. The study was of a transvers al descriptive type, where first a general talk was given to all residents who belong to the Parish of San Andrés, all types of doubts were cleared and then 45 participants were chosen and a date was agreed for the delivery of the with informed opinion, the survey and sample collection. The Chi square statistical test was carried out using the SPSS statistical program. This is a non-param etric comparison test that will allow us to observe the level of significance that exists between the variables. To develop the statistical test, the values of the prostate antigens measured and the surveys that were carried out by the participants in the area were used, where the risk factors (data obtained from the survey) were related to the levels obtained of total PSA and Free PSA. Using the chemiluminescence method, the serum levels of total PSA and free PSA were determined, in order to fulfill the general objecti v e, obtaining as results that 93% of the total samples have values within the reference ranges while the 7% have high levels. The verification of the hypothesis was carried out through the Chi Square statistical test where the values obtained accept the null hypothesis, since the results were greater than the value p = 0.05 proposed, this indicates that statistically there is no correlation between the variables studied.Item PREVALENCIA DE HELICOBACTER PYLORI DE LA POBLACIÓN ADULTA DE UNA ZONA RURAL DE TUNGURAHUA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Aucatoma Ayme, Blanca Yajaira; Yauli Flores, Carlos FernandoItem RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN LOS COMERCIANTES DE LOS MERCADOS SAN JUAN Y SAN LUIS DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Moreta Alajo, Sandra Amparo; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoInsulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells do not respond adequately to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The objective is to evaluate the risk factors that predispose to insulin resistance in traders of the San Juan and San Luis markets of Canton Santiago de Píllaro. The research was an observational study of cross-secti o n al descriptive type, where 75 blood samples were analyzed, the analysis of fasting glucose and insulin and the HOMA-IR index was carried out. In addition, information was collected by means of a survey and calculation of the BMI of each of the merchants, and the results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program. Of the 75 samples obtained 33 participants have insulin resistance. In determining the risk factors, a statistic a l ly significant correlation between patients with insulin resistance and body mass index was considered, with a correlation coefficient of 0.308 (Spearman) but it is considered a weak association. It can be concluded that the prevalence of developing insulin resistance was 44% in the market traders of Cantón Santiago de Píllaro.Item FACTORES DE RIESGOS ASOCIADOS A LA INFECCIÓN POR HELICOBACTER PYLORI EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA PEDRO CARBO DEL CANTÓN GUARANDA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Chacha Guaquipana, Erika Nayeli; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoThe bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that colonizes more than half of the world's population, causing several gastrointestinal conditions. In Ecuador it has a high incidence of (70 and 80%), which is acquired at an early age due to exposure to various risk factors. The objective of this study was to establish the risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in students of the Pedro Carbo Educational Unit of the Guaranda canton, in order to determine its incidence and the risk factors that are directly related to the infection. A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out, analyzing 133 stool samples for the detection of the Helicobacter pylori antigen by the immunochromatographic method, in addition, surveys were used for the collection of data/information and the SPSS Statistics Base program for the creation and analysis of graphs and tables. It was identified that the main risk factors associated with Helicobacter Pylori infection in the institution are: coexistence among several people (overcrowding), the non-availability of basic services, eating in the street, and the consumption of tap water at home.Item Correlación clínica entre cáncer gástrico y grupos sanguíneos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Mayorga Espín, Joselyn Lizet; Delgado García, María Cecilia Méd. Esp.Introduction: Gastric Cancer (GC) is a neoplasm in which malignant cells grow in the lining of the stomach. Age, diet, stomach condition and other factors contribute to the risk of developing this type of cancer. GC symptoms include indigestion and discomfort or pain. The objective of this study was focused on demonstrating that there is a clinical correlation between GC and blood groups by combining data collected between 2018 - 2022. Materials and Method: A descriptive, non-experimental documentary method was carried out through a reference review of different scientific articles and studies related to the subject from 2018 to 2022. Results: According to various bibliographic sources, it was established that within the ABO Blood Group System, especially A, they were related to the appearance of GC alongside other risk factors. Discussion: After the reference review, most of the authors agreed that blood group A was mostly related to GC. While other correlated risk factors were identified as environmental such as diet and the influence of H. pylori infection. The ABO gene, the only one to control the ABO blood group system, codes for a glycosyltransferase that modifies the carbohydrate content of antigens in red blood cells. This could be related to the development of GC. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study demonstrated the relationship between CG and blood groups, especially blood group A, unlike patients with blood group O, they usually develop peptic ulcers. It allows follow-up of patients with this characteristic, which leads to developing new study methods and implementin g early diagnosis and timely treatment.Item Desnutrición infantil en niños menores de 5 años en ecuador durante el periodo 2017-2021; revisión sistemática(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Mejia Cocha, Amanda Irene; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr. MgChild malnutrition is a serious health problem that affects the less favored sectors of society, mainly due to economic factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the problem of child malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in Ecuador during the period 2017-2021. A review was carried out through a search in the electronic databases Medline, Scielo, VHL that included original articles, reviews, case studies, editorials, as well as technical reports from official entities in the field of health directly related to child malnutrition in children under 5 years. A total of 21 bibliographic sources directly related to the units of analysis were included: prevalence, diagnostic parameters, predisposing factors and diseases associated with child malnutrition. With the review, it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of child malnutrition in Ecuador, especially in the sierra region where the indigenous population is mainly affected; The economic factor is the main cause of this nutritional condition and the consequences are perceived both in the short and long term. The diagnostic parameters are based mainly on anthropometric indicators and biochemical ones as support.Item Prevalencia de prediabetes en adultos de 25 a 85 años de una población Andina(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Lucero Cujano, Jeniffer Natali; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaPrediabetes is one of the conditions that generate predisposition in the development of diabetes, it is a term used in individuals with elevated serum glucose levels, but without reaching the critical level to be considered diabetes. The main characteristic it presents is its state of dysglycemia, where people who suffer from it maintain an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates. Methods and Materials. Descriptive observational study with cross-sectional section with intentional non probability sampling; duration of 91 days belonging to the months of September, October and November; with a sample of 100 participants corresponding to men and women between the ages of 25 to 85 years attended at the Centro Médico Diagnóstico Cemediam. The information was obtained through the Orion database and tabulated in the Microsoft Excel program. Results. The population consisted of 41 males and 59 females,the prevalence found of prediabetes was 37%, participants aged 36 to 45 years were the population group with the highest prevalence of prediabetes and the female sex was the most dominant compared to the male in prediabetes as age progressed. Conclusion. Prediabetes is increasingly part of a greater number of people without distinction of sex or age, that is why it is justifiable to use screening tools for its early diagnosis, that contribute to reducing high morbidity and mortality figures, in addition to shortening the economic expenditure that covers the pharmacological part of these patients and to generate preventive actions in this population.Item Determinación de factores asociados a la anemia en niños menores de dos años, mediante una revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Usama Ambuludi, Gabriela Anahi; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoAnemia in children under two years of age is a serious public health problem in which a number of personal, social and economic factors are involved. The objecti ve of this review was to carry out a bibliographic review on the factors associated with anemia in children under two years of age. A systematic review was carried out from sources located in the Medline (PubMed), Scielo, VHL and Cochrane Library Plus databases. Original articles, reviews and reports from health entities that addressed infants up to 2 years of age and diagnosed with anemia, published in Spanish and English and disseminated in the period 2017-2022, were included. A total of 15 bibliographic sources directly related to the factors associated with anemia in children under 2 years of age were included in the systematic review. With the review, it is concluded that anemia in children under two years of age are heterogeneous and vary according to the different stages of life, but there is a relationship with a series of variables, among which are the nutritional condition of the mother, socioeconomic level and the eating behaviors of the family and the society to which it belongs, as well as conditions or pathologies that delay its growth and development.Item “Estudio de correlación entre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos y la presencia de lesiones cervicales detectadas en la citología cérvico vaginal exfoliativa de las pacientes que acuden al Hospital General docente Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-04-01) Toctaquisa Raza, Daisy Morayma; Cevallos Espinel, Johanna AlexandraDra.Cervical cancer is considered the most frequent pathology in sexually active women. There are several risk factors to suffer it; Among them is the use of combined oral contraceptive methods (ACO). Therefore, it was proposed to correlate the use of 9 contraceptive methods and the presence of 14 types of cervical lesions according to the Bethesda system, detected in the exfoliative vaginal civic cytologies of patients who come to health centers in the city. zone 3 of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) and arrives at the Ambato General Teaching Hospital (HGDA) to be analyzed. Through a descriptive analysis of a sample of 272 patients from Zone 3 of the Ministry of Public Health, it is found that, 24.63% (n = 67) of them are the lesions; 4.0% (n = 11) with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US), 17.0% (n = 46) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 1.1% (n = 3) with atypical squamous cells where a high-grade intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), 1.8% (n = 5) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 0.4% (n = 1) with squamous cell carcinoma and atypical endocervical cells can´t be ruled out. Then, it was identified that the contraceptive method most used in patients is the injectable with 39.3% (n = 107), in addition it was determined that 17.0% (n = 46) of the patients had low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL).