Laboratorio Clínico
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/817
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Item Importancia del diagnóstico de sepsis en el laboratorio clínico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-05) Zamora Tapia, Ivonne Dayana; Poveda Paredes, Francisco XavierSeptic disease is the immune imbalance in response to an infection capable of leading to multiorgan failure, worldwide there are an estimated 6 million deaths due to sepsis. Objective: To propose a comprehensive approach for the timely and accurate diagnosis of sepsis, through the determination and correlation between blood culture and procalcitonin. Methods: The present literature review considered a total of 35 articles selected through the PRISMA methodology. Results: Blood culture continues to be the gold standard for septic disease in identifying the microorganism, but its low specificity has led to the implementation of automated methods such as the BioFire® Blood Culture Identification Panel 2 (BCID2). Biomarkers include procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin and D-dimer (DD). Conclusions: The new automated methods have a shorter response time and both high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Similarly, it is important to measure PCT, CRP, IL-6 to guide the diagnosis, and to complement it with LDH associated with hypoperfusion, ferritin, severe sepsis and D-dimer with a picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Item Cistatina C como marcador precoz de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-05) Tisalema Panimboza, Maritza Anabel; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoIntroduction: Cystatin C, a protein with stable plasma concentration and exclusive renal elimination, has been highlighted as a promising early marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients due to its relationship with renal function and inflammation. Objective: To identify in the existing literature the association between Cystatin C and cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes, evaluating its potential as a marker by meansof a systematic review. Methods: We performed exhaustive searches of scientific databases and selected ten studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies focused on the evaluation of CystatinC expression profiles and their effectiveness as a marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The PRISMA method was used. Results: The studies reveal that cystatin C is closely associated with type 2 diabetes, predicts cardiovascular disease, and provides an accurate assessment of renal function indiabetic patients, highlighting its usefulness as an early marker of complications. Furthermore, elevated cystatin C levels correlate with increased mortality and cardiovascular risk, surpassing in accuracy other traditional markers, positioning it as a key indicator in the comprehensive assessment of risk and prognosis in diabetic patients.Conclusions: Cystatin C shows promising links with diabetes and cardiovascular risk indiabetic patients, suggesting its usefulness as an early marker. Although it offers the potential for detecting renal and cardiac complications, further research is required beforeits widespread clinical implementation.Item Biomarcadores emergentes en la diabetes gestacional: perspectivas para la mejora del diagnóstico y pronóstico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-04) Miranda Sánchez, Andrea Belén; Moina Veloz, Álvaro PaulGestational diabetes mellitus is a pathology suffered by one in seven pregnant women worldwide, in which carbohydrate metabolism is altered, that is, glucose intolerance occurs. It is recognized for the first time in pregnancy since these adaptations occur with the objective of providing an adequate amount of glucose to the fetus for its development. They are related to risk factors such as age, diet, lack of physical activity, among others, and can cause fetal macrosomia, neonatal jaundice, and cardiorespiratory complications. In the mother, it is diagnosed through different blood glucose tests such as the oral glucose tolerance test, O'Sullivan test, however currently new biomarkers have been implemented for an early prognosis such as IL-27, a protein retinol transporter 4, maternal fetuin A, high sensitivity Creactive protein and molecular biomarkers, but more studies are required so that these biochemical markers can be standardized by an organization.Item Ácido úrico como biomarcador predictivo de la preeclampsia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Ricachi Sulca, Daniel Stalin; Rosero Freire, Daniela AlexandraPreeclampsia is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy, which is associated with high levels of maternal and fetal morbidity. About 5 to 8% of pregnancies are affected by this gestational disorder. Renal, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, neurologic dysfunction; hematologic disorders; fetal growth restriction; stillbirth; and maternal death are the serious complications that can occur in preeclampsia. Hyperuricemia is a biomarker that shows the progression of gestational hypertension and the risk of fetal and maternal complications as it induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6. According to different investigations, authors indicate that high uric acid levels were notable in the second trimester in women who developed preeclampsia. Investigators estimate concentrations reported to be 6.08 ± 0.49 mg/dL versus 5.20 ± 0.19 mg/dL, and emphasize that at least 25.9% of hyperuricemic preeclamptic women (>6 mg/dL) were referred to the special care unit. The present study aims to collect current information with the purpose of clarifying the role of uric acid as a predictive biomarker in preeclampsia, in order to determine its diagnostic value in this gestational complication.Item Marcadores biológicos en la hepatopatía alcohólica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-20) Naranjo Yucailla, Shirley Estefania; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaAlcoholic liver disease is characterized by liver damage caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and primarily metabolized in the liver, where hepatocytes accumulate toxins and experience increased oxidation, resulting in substances that can harm liver tissue. Alcohol metabolism in the liver occurs through three metabolic pathways: the first pathway occurs in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, the second occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and the last one is mediated by the enzyme catalase. The most common alcohol-related liver conditions include simple alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. For the study of alcohol-related liver disease, it is recommended to determine biological markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Therefore, the development of this literature review is of great importance as it is considered useful to investigate the biomarkers that can be used for the detection of alcoholic liver disease, considering that alcohol addiction is currently a highly uncontrollable problem worldwide.Item Biomarcadores utilizados para el diagnóstico y pronóstico en lupus eritematoso sistémico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-20) Jaramillo Sancho, Karen Michelle; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabriela PaolaIntroduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or also called SLE is an autoimmune and chronic pathology where there is a dysregulation of the immune system causing the presence of antibodies to attack the body itself. Its symptomatology is classified as type I and II therefore, it is associated with risk factors such as environmental, genetic, and hormonal. This disease is mostly suffered by women of childbearing age between 15 and 45 years, however it is less frequent in children and men. Objective: To identify the biomarkers that help the diagnosis and prognostic in SLE, describe the classification criteria of SLE and immunological methods for its detection. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out by searching information about biomarkers used for diagnosis and prognostic in systemic lupus erythematosus through databases such as: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc during the period 2015-2023. The sources consulted were a total of 35 using keywords such as systemic lupus erythematosus, biomarkers, antibodies using in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Results: It was established that for the diagnosis of SLE biomarkers of early detection, confirmation, activity, nonspecific and other biomarkers that are associated to this pathology. While for prognosis, confirmation biomarkers are useful when a patient has been diagnosed with SLE. Conclusions: The main biomarkers used in the diagnosis and prognostic of SLE are ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-SM, anti-RNP, anti-Pribosomal, anti-Ro/SSA and there are also the molecular biomarkers miR-196 and miR146, likewise, criteria such as EULAR/ACR- 2019 are used in diagnostic support.Item Insuficiencia renal aguda: importancia del laboratorio en el diagnóstico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-22) Barrionuevo Guerrero, Mateo Francisco; Ramos Ramírez, Martha CeciliaAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a disease which affects in the decreases the renal physiology, until the limit of not to excrete the waste substances from the body, producing oliguria (hypuresis) and azotemia in most of the cases. The habitual laboratory test to evaluate the renal physiology supposes and obstacle in the diagnosis of renal physiology in early stages, that is why the necessity to abord new biomarkers and specific tests to control this pathology appears. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic revision through documentary, descriptive and non-experimental method is used, from different scientific articles from 2017 until 2022. Results: The laboratory tests and the biomarkers addressed in the study help like a predictor of the acute kidney injury and it differences in various characteristics of the conventional biomarkers such as the variation in base of own parameters of the patient. Discussion: In spite of the medical attention in latino america there is no information about this pathology, that is why it is pretended to generate a debate as the quoted author mention about the uses of the biomarkers in the renal physiology. Conclusion: In the prosecution of the samples of new biomarkers show an improvement in detecting the acute kidney injury in comparison to the habitual laboratory tests.Item Marcadores serológicos asociados al mal pronóstico en pacientes Covid-19 positivos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-02-28) Lasluisa Toalombo, Paola Micaela; Rosero Freire, Daniela AlexandraBackground: Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. Spike viral protein binds to ACE2 body receptors and determines its infectivity. This process has many effects on the host, causing damage to the respiratory system and at the systemic level in general, evidenced in the elevation of laboratory markers such as Interleukin-6, Ferritin and D-Dimer. Objective: To analyze biomarkers: Interleukin-6, Ferritin and D-Dimer as factors of poor prognosis in Covid-19. Methods: The data was collected from Covid-19 patients who also had results of IL-6, D-D and Ferritin obtained through the IESS Ambato hospital databases. Findings: We reported 114 Covid-19 patients, whom we analyzed serological markers. D-D and IL-6 show a 1.34 OR (C.I.: 1.14 - 1.58) and 1.26 OR (C.I.: 1.11 - 1.43) respectively. Ferritin had a positive association in female population 1.11 OR (C.I.: 0.99 – 1.24), but in the male population, we didn’t find a significant association 3.91 OR (C.I.: 0.46 - 32.99). It was found that comorbidities were a protective factor with a negative association of 0.88 OR. Secondary causes of death in Covid-19 patients were cardiac arrest and pneumonia (23.1%). Conclusion: IL-6, Ferritin and D-D markers were evaluated and proved valuable tools to predict poor prognosis in patients with Covid-19. These markers proceeded independently of other factors like comorbidities. The findings of this study may help manage other pathologies with a similar curse and to focus more on the importance at the laboratory level as a prognostic support.