Tesis Ingeniería Agropecuaria

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/23698

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End date: 2022Subject: search.filters.subject.SABERES ANCESTRALES

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    Identificación de los factores que inciden en la pérdida de los saberes ancestrales en la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en la parroquia Ambatillo, cantón Ambato
    (2017) Salazar Scotland, Billy Jinson; Cruz Tobar, Eduardo
    This research was carried out in the rural parish of Ambatillo, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province, which has a terrestrial extension of 12.89 km2 and is located at a height between 2800 and 4100 msnm and has a population of 5489 inhabitants, limited To the north, east and part of the south by the parish San Bartolomé; And, to the west and part of the south, the Quisapincha parish. The geographical coordinates are: 1 ° 30 'South latitude and 78 ° 15' West longitude (GADPRA, 2015). The research is a descriptive one, since it was established as methodology for the collection of information the surveys to the producers of potatoes of the zone, being established as main factors of study the preparation of the soil, selection of seed, management of the crop, Irrigation systems, disease and pest control, harvesting and post harvesting and marketing, all based on the ancestral knowledge of potato farmers. It was possible to discover the ancestral knowledge that they apply in the cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the parish Ambatillo, standing out the work with yunta, the disinfection of the ground with lime, and the application of infusions of ají for the control of diseases, it stands out Also cutting the weed to accelerate the maturity of the plant. As the main negative factors that affect the development of ancestral practices, among the most important are the use of chemical fertilizers for this crop and also the planting of potatoes under the monoculture system. KEYWORDS: ancestral knowledge, hoeing, weed, good living.
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    Factores que inciden para la pérdida de los saberes ancestrales de la producción de papá (Solanum tuberosum) en la comunidad San Miguel de Quera del cantón Riobamba
    (2017) Vique Silva, Jefferson Hernán; Cruz Tobar, Eduardo
    The research was carried out in the San Miguel de Quera community of the Riobamba canton, aimed at potato farmers, with the purpose of collecting information to know the factors that affect the loss of ancestral knowledge, whose information allowed to collect information and analyze it To rescue the knowledge that is maintained in the agricultural work of the community especially in the cultivation of potatoes. The research was descriptive, through interviews and surveys to the farmers of the community, to gather information on ancestral techniques in field preparation, seed selection, crop management, disease and pest control, irrigation, harvesting, postharvest (Solanum tuberosum), a semi-structured survey was prepared and tested with several questions. The results of the research, allow to determine that the knowledge acquired by the farmers are inherited from the older ones, that the land work mostly manually, as it allows them to control the quality of the soil, for planting they use native seeds because they have less problems Phytosanitary and yield. The factors that positively influence the ancestral knowledge regarding potato cultivation in relation to the preparation of manual soil with hoe with 80%, natural soil disinfection with 100% ash, seed origin 74%, handling of bad Manual herbs 100%, and manual hoeing with hoe or yoke with 100%.
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    Descripción y revalorización de los saberes ancestrales en la producción agrícola en el recinto Suncamal, Sacramento y La Isla del cantón Cumandá provincia del Chimborazo
    (2017) Moreno Quishpe, Nury Celena; Mera Andrade, Rafael
    The research was carried out in the Suncamal, Sacramento and Canton Island Cumandá precincts, Province of Chimborazo, with the aim of gathering information to know the ancestral practices that the maize, bean and sugar cane producers maintains in the production management agricultural. For the selection of the sample investigated, a meeting was convened to first socialize the project by inviting the farmers of the Suncamal, La Isla and Sacramento enclosures in them to observe the willingness to participate of 20 farmers in the Sacramento precinct, 30 in the precinct Suncamal and 50 in the enclosure the Island, giving a total of 100 farmers to them they proceeded to apply an interview. All phases of crop management, ie field preparation, seed selection, crop management, disease and pest control, irrigation, harvesting. Four were found in cane cultivation in relation to age with 80%, level of education with 63%, obtaining inherited knowledge with 73% not using any fertilizer with 76%. In the same way, in the cultivation of beans, four ancestral knowledge regarding the age of the farmers over 35 with 65%, by inheritance with 90%, the tools to be used with 87.1% for the sowing are fixed in the cycle Lunar and season of the year with 60%. In maize cultivation, only two factors were found: the first was the age of farmers with 76% greater than 35 years and the inheritance in obtaining their knowledge with 52%. The results of the research make it possible to determine that ancestral knowledge should be revalued among farmers through practical workshops in order to disseminate how the land worked for the elderly and that they should be rescued so that agricultural work can be carried out in search of Get organic and healthy food for the consumer. KEYWORDS: Ancestral Knowledge, corn cultivation, sugar cane, beans a, interviews, surveys, Buen Vivir.
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    Descripción y revalorización de los saberes ancestrales en la producción pecuaria en los recintos: Suncamal, Sacramento y La Isla, en el cantón Cumandá, provincia del Chimborazo
    (2017) Caicedo Reinoso, Cristhian Rafael; Mera Andrade., Rafael
    The research was carried out in the Sacramento, Suncamal and La Cumandá cantons, in the province of Chimborazo, with the objective of gathering information to know the ancestral practices of poultry, pork and cattle producers to rescue and revalue the ancestral knowledge that are kept in the livestock work of the mentioned places. The use of the ancestral knowledge and the application of the same in the livestock production, referring to the development of a pig, poultry or livestock farm, we can find some advantages, since it becomes a small family activity of backyard agriculture what the Unite more or one way for coexistence and contact with nature, and in this way to achieve higher yields with respect to profits and economic activity, in this way costs are cheaper since agrochemical or chemical inputs are not applied. Make the production system more expensive, which leads to sustainable production. The results obtained in the research made it possible to determine that ancestral knowledge should be revalued among the producers through practical workshops in order to disseminate how they work with the selected animals. For the selection of the animals take into account the size, weight, in the construction of chancheras, nests and corrals use materials of the area as bamboo cane, planks, leaves of cade, straw dry banana leaves, sawdust and through the use they use , Cooked Chinese potato, orito, tender pastures, kitchen waste. In order to combat diseases, they use plum buds for diarrhea, garlic, rue for pneumonia, for labor facilities use sawdust and in the process of laboring, the intervention and manipulation of man, to prevent diseases and disinfection of farms use incense and burning of Plants, for castration use knife and for healing use lemon, urine. KEY WORDS: Ancestral knowledge, livestock, Pigs, Poultry, Cattle, interviews, surveys.
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    Identificación y revalorización de Saberes Ancestrales de técnicas agrarias en la comunidad Shuar recinto Limón, cantón Bucay
    (2016) Morocho Guanuchi Dany Antonio; Jiménez Esparza, Luis
    The aim of the research was to identify and revalue the ancestral knowledge of agricultural techniques in the Shuar Community Complex Lemon, Canton Bucay, by applying data collection techniques such as surveys and interviews aimed at people of different genders and age ranges; where it was identified that cocoa crops (Theobroma cacao) and banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) which are the most productive in the area, the ancestral agricultural practices have been deteriorating due to various factors, even disappear, it you can emphasize that they have been using modern technologies to pre cultural and cultural work in the mentioned crops, discarding the processes that their predecessors made. The Shuar culture is the most populous culture in Ecuador with more than 80,000 individuals distributed in the Ecuadorian Amazon and in the jungles of Peru; Here wide variety of products grown, but the crops studied in the sector are treated conventionally, where, are attacked by pests and diseases that commonly attack, which are not controlled by any product derived from ancestral knowledge regarding the community has been adopting foreign customs for the production of food. Among the practices that still made between the producers of the Shuar community are the use of the lunar cycle to cultural practices as planting, pruning and Fertilisation, the use of plant products in the medical field, and among others. Among other uses it is also used in small quantities for weed control ferments of crop residues cocoa and also as a material source of fertilizer for crops. Key words: Know, ancestral, community, agricultural, plantation, crops, fertilization
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    Caracterización de los saberes ancestrales agrícolas en el cultivo de cacao (theobroma cacao l.)” en el cantón Cumandá
    (2016) Arévalo González, Agustín Andrés; González, Marilu
    This research is conducted in the enclosures Buenos Aires, The New Union, Los Laureles, 87, Guayacanes, Agricultural production, La Modelo, Cascajal, Rio Blanco, Reserves, San Miguel de Bucay Chico and San Vicente belonging to the canton Cumandá of Chimborazo province. The Cumandá Canton is located south west of the province of Chimborazo in the western foothills of the Andes in the Republic of Ecuador. The city center is located between coordinates 2nd 12'28 "S and 78 ° 08'15" W. For the methodology a sample of total cocoa producers in the canton Cumandá, whom interviews were conducted in situ using recorder and field sheets, in order to know the reality of management of this crop in the area, was calculated then used surveys based on the information gathered to close the answers. From this information a sheet data was constructed and tabulated in the Statistics18 system. The work yielded the following results: 38.9% of respondents are in the age range of 41 to 55 years old; 26.7% are between 56 and 70 years; 18.9% have more than 70 years and only 15.6% are between 25-40 years of age. Most respondents cocoa producers are 76.7% men and 23.3% women. Cumandá canton area where we found higher cocoa production is the sector of the Island with 77.7%, divided into precincts: Buenos Aires with 40%, the New Union with 11.1%, with Agricultural Production 10%, Los Laureles with 8.9% 87 4.4% and 1.1% Guayacanes with. We also found Cascajal producers in enclosures with 11.1% Reserves 4.4%, the model with a 2.2% and Rio Blanco with 1.1%; the latter not belonging to the sector La Isla. The 97.8% of respondents are literate, while 2.2% do not know. 61.1% of farmers interviewed have primary education, 22.2% have secondary education, 13.3% have higher education, 1.1% have another type of instruction and 2.2% have no type of instruction. 32.2% of those xx interviewed producers stated that the soil where the crop is cocoa develops franc; 26.7% indicates that the soil is clayey; 17.8% say it has a sandy soil and 23.3% are other types of soil. 48.9% of interviewed farmers have their crops at low slopes; 46.7% indicate that the slope is average while 4.4% of the producers indicate that the slope is high. Most producers agree that the rainiest months are the first months of the year, broken down as follows: 48.9% in March, 28.9% in February and April to 10%. Also, most producers agree that the driest months are the months of September with 26.7%, with 24.4% in August, October with 17.8%, with 14.4% in November and July 8.9%. Respondents consider the month of July as the cooler with 37.8%, followed by August with 33.3%, with 11.1% in September and June to 8.9%. 17.8% of respondents believe that December is best suited for planting work, followed by March with 15.6% in January to 14.4%, February with the November with 13.3% and 12.2%. 25.6% of respondents producers, perform the harvest in October, 20.0% carry the harvest in September, 16.7% carry the harvest in August, with the same percentage perform harvest in November. You may also notice that 17.8% of respondents producers make pruning in March; 12.2% do pruning in February and made similar percentage pruning in June; 10% do pruning in April and also with 10% perform pruning in May. 82.2% of farmers surveyed Fertilisation perform work the first half of the year, distributed as follows: 14.4% work in January, 10.0% do so in February, 13.3% in March, 14.4% in April, 15.6% in May and 14.4% in June. 62.2% of respondents state that knowledge about agricultural practices obtained thanks to the experience gained over time, 21.1% stated that the obtained thanks to the inherited knowledge, 13.3% for training and only 3.3% obtained it for higher studies. 56.7% of respondents expressed producers who grow the variety CCN-51 ramilla; 25.6% use the variety CCN-51 graft; 16.7% use the National variety fine aroma and 1.1% use other varieties. 92.2% of respondents say they obtained producing plant nurseries and buying just 7.8% indicates that performs own plant propagation. 77.8% of respondents use ranges planting distances ranging between 2.5 m x 2.5 m to 3 m x 3 m; 18.9% use distances ranging between 3.25 m x 3.25 m to 4 m x 4 m and 3.3% used other planting distances. 78.9% do weeding to prepare the ground for planting, plow makes 17.8% 1.1% performs soil disinfection and 2.2% engaged in other activities. It can also be seen that 65.6% of respondents producers machete used for site preparation; 16.7% used tractor; 6.7 scythe used bike; 9.9% use mattock, chainsaw and knapsack and 1.1% use scrawl. In addition to 100% of respondents perform a manual planting. 57.8% of producers use the Burrow; 12.2% use lampa; 11.1% use bar; 8.9% xxi use machete; estaquilla uses 6.7% and 3.3% used piola. 40% of farmers do not use ancestral knowledge or bio-indicators for this activity; 25.6% is guided by the waning quarter; 18.9% use the crescent of the lunar cycle; 8.9% is based on winter; 5.6% is guided by the full moon and 1.1% are in new moon. 48.9% of farmers using chemical fertilizer; 43.3% use organic fertilizer; and 7.8% do not use any fertilizer. 50% of farmers do not use organic fertilizers; 33.3% makes its own fertilizer and 16.7% buy the compost. 44.4% of producers use specifically granular fertilizer; 15.6% use chicken manure; 8.9% use livestock manure; 5.6% use pig manure; 15.6% use another type of fertilizer and 10% do not use fertilizer. 51.1% of producers payable semi-annually; 37.8% paid annually; does not pay 8.9% and 2.2% do so quarterly. 56.7% of farmers applied 50 to 200 Kg; 17.8% applies from 200 to 600 Kg; 10% do not pay; 7.8% applied 600 to 1200 Kg and the remaining 7.8% over 1200 kg applied. 38.9% of cocoa producers associated with corn; 28.9% do with bananas; 16.7% use cassava; 4.4% associated with other crops while 11.1% is not associated with any crop. 52.2% associated crops from 18 to 24 months; 17.8% work 12 to 18 months; 14.4% work 30 to 36 months; 3.3% work 24 to 30 months and 3.3% do so in more than 36 months. You may also notice that 63.3% of farmers do not perform drainage while 36.7% if you make drainage. 81.1% of farmers do not use ancestral knowledge or bio-indicators for this activity; 10% is guided by the crescent; 6.7% use the waning quarter moon cycle; 1.1% is based on the new moon and the remaining 1.1% are in full moon. 53.3% of farmers affected by ants; 14.4% have no pest problems; 11.1% is affected by sanduchero; 7.8% said that aphids are the problem; chinchorro 7.8% and 5.6% have other pest problems. In addition 95.6% of farmers do not use ancestral knowledge for this activity and 4.4% if you make some ancestral practice. 47.8% of producers think that the sheet is affected by this scourge; 44.4% none; 5.6% to 2.2% fruit and the stem.