Tesis Medicina Veterinaria
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/36415
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item Efecto de la harina de cúrcuma (Cúrcuma longa) y romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) en los índices productivos y coccidiosis en pollos de engorde(2024-08) Medina Vera, Pamela Alexandra; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of turmeric (C. longa) and rosemary (R. officinalis) in different doses, on the productive indices and the oocyst count of Eimeria spp, for this we worked with nine treatments, each combined according to the established dose, being for C. longa (0, 0.02, 0.05 %) and R. officinalis (0, 0.05, 0.1 %) respectively. For the study, 270 one-day-old Cobb 500 mixed chickens were used. By means of the completely randomized DCA design with factorial arrangement with 3 replicates for each treatment and 10 animals per repetition. The data were evaluated with the statistical program Infostat by means of the Tukey test at a significance level of 95%. The analysis was carried out in three different stages (initial, growth and fattening) respectively, while the measurements for the evaluation of oocysts of Eimeria spp were carried out in 3 periods (27, 35 and 48 days of age) respectively. Regarding the results, there were no significant differences greater than (P>0.05) in the production indices: Final weight (g), Weight gain (g), Feed intake (g), AQI (g/g), IEE, Mortality %, Cost/Benefit (C/B). In relation to the evaluation of oocysts of Eimeria spp., statistical differences could be observed in the intake at 48 days of age, the treatment that obtained a better result was T5 with an average of 29.17 oocysts/g of feces.Item Presencia de genes de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas y betalactámicos en Proteus mirabilis aislados en carne de pollo en el cantón Ambato(2024-08) Fiallos Barros, Lizbeth Estefanía; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaThis study focused on the identification and analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes in Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from chicken meat samples from the city of Ambato. In particular, two key genes were investigated: gyrA associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, and blaTEM-1, related to beta-lactam resistance. For the detection and analysis of these genes, advanced molecular techniques were used, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. First, DNA extraction from the samples was performed using standardized methods that ensure purity and adequate concentration of DNA for subsequent amplification, in the PCR phase, specific primers were used to amplify the target sequences of the gyrA and blaTEM-1 genes. The results showed successful amplification of the gyrA gene in all samples analyzed, with a base size of 850 bp, confirming a 100% prevalence of this gene in Proteus mirabilis strains. On the other hand, the amplification of the blaTEM- 1 gene was not universal in all samples, it was detected in 58.3% of the strains analyzed. This finding suggests the presence of variability in beta-lactam resistance in the samples, indicating that although blaTEM-1 is a prevalent gene it is not the only resistance mechanism present. This result underscores the need to consider other betalactam resistance genes and other resistance mechanisms in future studies. This research provides detailed insight into antimicrobial resistance, the high prevalence of the gyrA gene and the considerable presence of the blaTEM-1 gene indicate significant resistance to fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous and detailed monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain to implement effective control strategies and protect public health.Item Evaluación de la sensibilidad a los antibióticos y presencia de genes de resistencia en Lactococcus garvieae aislado en carne de pollo que se expende en Ambato(2024-08) Chávez Romero, Anderson Xavier; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaLactococcus garvieae is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium, considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen, as reports of human infection are increasing. In the present research work, the antibioresistance of the L. garvieae strain and the presence of resistance genes in L. garvieae isolated from chicken meat sold in Ambato were evaluated. Sensitivity was identified using the Kirby Bauer method for the following antibiotics: Linezolid, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Lincomycin and Oxytetracycline. After obtaining results where four of the five antibiotics were resistant: Linezolid, Ceftriaxone Lincomycin and Oxytetracycline where we chose oxytetracycline, which showed the highest resistance and is the most widely used antibiotic in livestock farming. An arduous investigation was carried out to identify resistance genes, tetD and tetA, then the DNA of L. garvieae was extracted by the method of Aljanabi & Martinez modified, the PCR technique was carried out with the corresponding primers of the genes and ended with an electrophoresis where it was not identified that it has tetD and tetA genes of resistance to oxytetracycline and finally it was investigated on the molecular mechanisms of resistance of L. garvieae to the different resistant antibiotics.Item Evaluación de la presencia de los genes de resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos y glucopéptidos en Mammaliicoccus sciuri aislado de la carne de pollo que se expende en Ambato(2024-08) Barreno Mayorga, Jessica Fernanda; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaAntibiotic resistance represents a significant public health problem due to the ability of bacteria to cause difficult-to-treat infections. The objective of this research is to detect the presence of resistance genes to beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) and glycopeptides (vancomycin) in the bacteria Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolated from chicken meat sold in Ambato. The research was carried out by collecting Mamamlicocus samples isolated from chicken meat and analyzing them in the laboratory to determine the presence of the aforementioned resistance genes, using PCR, DNA extraction and electrophoresis. Obtaining as results the presence of resistance genes in beta-lactams with an amplification of the band of 162 bp but no amplification of glycopeptides was found, which means that there are different ways for the existence of resistance. The identification and monitoring of these genes are crucial to evaluate food safety and prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in the final food chain.Item Valoración de los perfiles antimicrobianos y genes de resistencia de Salmonella enterica aislada en carne de pollo expendida en Ambato”(2024-08) Aráuz Paredes, David Isaac; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaSalmonella enterica is a versatile bacteria that perceives very refined antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, causing a worldwide problem with regard to public health, which is why it should be investigated according to the “One Health” approach, which unites human, animal and environmental health professionals to mitigate the development of bacterial resistance, because the routes of contamination of these bacteria are through foods of animal origin, whose spread is more effective due to the poor hygiene standards implemented in slaughter sites. The objective of this research was to assess the antimicrobial profiles and resistance genes of Salmonella enterica isolated in chicken meat sold in Ambato. A Salmonella enterica strain was used, from which two samples were obtained (Salmonella enterica subespecie enterica serovar Enteritidis strain ATCC 13076 and Salmonella enterica strain FDAARGOS_768), where they were developed in two study phases. In the first phase, the use of the Kirby Bauer method was highlighted to evaluate the antibioresistance of the strain against a group of 5 antibiotics, these being Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (AMC), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Gentamicin (GM), Oxytetracycline (OT) and Sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim (SXT), of which were classified according to the size of their inhibition zone into Resistant, Intermediate and Sensitive, following the regulations imposed by the CLSI. The results obtained were total resistance to OT, intermediate resistance to CIP and sensitivity to GM, AMC and SXT, the latter acting effectively against Salmonella enterica. In the second phase, only Oxytetracycline was taken to observe the presence of resistance genes, since it was the only antibiotic that was resistant. To visualize the resistance genes, the tet(4) gene primers were used, due to the high prevalence rate in previous research, and the same PCR conditions with which the gene was obtained were also applied. However, the results were negative without the presence of the chosen gene, for this reason it was considered pertinent to explain the molecular mechanisms that confer resistance to the bacteria against each group of antibiotics, starting with tetracyclines and ending with sulfonamides.Item Efecto del ajo (Allium Sativum) sobre los índices de producción y Eimeria spp en pollos de engorde(2024-02) Rojas Chunio, Nataly Tatiana; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe aim of this study was to analyze different percentages of addition garlic (A. Sativum) in different doses on the productive indexes and the oocyst count of Eimeria spp, for which four treatments were used: T0: control without addition of (A. Sativum); T1: with 0.15% of (A. Sativum); T2: with 0.25% of (A. Sativum) and T3: with 0.3% of (A sativum). It was evaluated in 160 broilers of the cobb 500 line, one day old. By means of an experimental design with 4 replicates by treatment and 10 animals by replicate, the data obtained were evaluated with Tukey’s statistical test with a significance level of 95% using InfoStat as the statistical program. The productive period was divided into three stages: Initial (8-12 days); Growth (13-28 days) and Fattening (29-49 days) while samples were taken to count oocyts of Eimeria spp on days 35 and 49, for which 10 animals by treatment were sacrificed to obtain fecal samples directly from the intestine, which were evaluated in the laboratory with the floatation technique an the McMaster chamber. The best results were obtained with the T3 treatment with the addition of (3%) of (A. Sativum), finding better results in productive indexes with a weight gain of (2411.98 g) and a feed conversion of (2.08). It also showed a lower quantity of oocysts by g/feces and a good cost/benefit of 1.20. Key words: broilers, A. Sativum, productive indexes, Eimeria spp.