Tesis Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Efecto de la inclusión de simbióticos + fitobióticos (Digeston Prime) sobre los índices productivos y la calidad del huevo en la alimentación de gallinas Lohmann Brown(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-07) Paredes Chauca, Kevin Daniel; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoLos antibióticos promotores de crecimiento (APC) son una problemática actual al generar residuos de antibióticos en alimentos e involucrar la inocuidad alimentaria generando resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM), por lo tanto, se tiene la necesidad de buscar alternativas naturales que reemplacen de manera eficiente a los (APC) sin dejar residuos de antibióticos en la cadena alimentaria y manteniendo One Health. Además, en gallinas ponedoras la calidad del huevo y los índices productivos son indicadores de salud animal y eficiencia productiva. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de simbióticos más fitobióticos (Digeston Prime ®) sobre los índices productivos y la calidad del huevo en gallinas (Gallus gallus domesticus) Lohmann Brown. Se realizó en la parroquia Huambaló, cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua, bajo condiciones controladas de alimentación, manejo y bioseguridad. Se usaron 240 gallinas de 72 semanas de edad, distribuidas en cuatro tratamientos con 12 repeticiones y cinco aves por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron T0 (testigo), T1 con 0,1 %, T2 con 0,2 % y T3 con 0,3 % de (Digeston Prime ®). La calidad del huevo fue medida mediante el equipo Digital Egg Tester DET 6500, el cual permitió valorar peso del huevo, altura de la albúmina, color de yema, Unidades Haugh, resistencia y grosor de cáscara. Los índices productivos se registraron en tablas de Excel divididas por tratamientos durante el período experimental lo cual permitió evaluar el porcentaje de postura ave/día, ave/alojada, mortalidad y porcentaje de huevos rotos. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables de calidad del huevo en donde T3 (0,3%) alcanzó el mayor peso del huevo y mejor color de yema, mientras que T2 mostró mejores valores en resistencia y grosor de cáscara. Finalmente, T1 (0,1%) y T2 (0,2%) fueron superiores en la altura del albumen y Unidades Haugh. En producción de huevo ave/día (A/D) y ave alojada (A/A) no se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas. Se concluye que Digeston Prime ® mejora la calidad interna y externa del huevo en gallinas Lohmann BrownItem Evaluación del ácido hipocloroso sobre los índices productivos en conejos mestizos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en etapa de engorde(2026-01) Acosta Acosta, Evelyn Liliana; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThis research was conducted at the Doña Blanquita breeding facility, located in the Santa Cruz neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador. The objective was to evaluate the effects of hypochlorous acid on the production indices of crossbred rabbits during the fattening stage. The aim was to reduce mortality from disease and optimize production time using hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a preventative measure and a potential growth promoter. For this purpose, 24 male rabbits, 12 weeks old, crossbred with Flemish Giant, were selected. Hypochlorous acid was administered orally to the following groups: T1 (0.5 ml/day/animal of HCl), T2 (1 ml/day/animal of HCl), and T3 (1.5 ml/day/animal of HCl), in addition to a control group (T0, no HCl administration). Each group had three replicates, and the experimental unit size was two rabbits. The study lasted 30 days with a mixed diet of commercial feed and alfalfa. The analyzed variables did not show statistically significant differences; however, weight gain was compared, with T1 showing the lowest weight gain (11,131.67 g), while T2 and T3 showed the highest (1,210 g and 1,195 g, respectively). There was a 15 g difference between these two groups, with T2 showing the highest gain. In terms of feed conversion ratio, T3 showed the lowest results compared to the other treatments. T2's results were similar to T1, although T1 was considered representative due to its higher results. No mortality was observed during the study, indicating that hypochlorous acid did not negatively affect the animals. The cost-benefit ratio for T1 and T2 was +0.26 and +0.16 cents, respectively, while T3 showed lower profitability (+0.13 cents). Therefore, all treatments were representative. It is concluded that the administration of hypochlorous acid does not influence production indices; however, given the prescribed history, it has been considered as a therapeutic alternativeItem Evaluación de la densidad poblacional sobre los niveles de estrés e índices productivos en gallinas ponedoras Lohmann Brown - Classic(2025-08) Valdez Pullutacsi, Andrew Christopher; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of population density on stress levels and productive indices in Lohmann Brown Classic hens, using commercial cages with measurements of 40 cm wide by 50 cm long (2000 cm2), three treatments with different densities were proposed: T1 (500 cm2 /hen), T2 (400 cm2 /hen) and T3 (333 cm2 /hen). For the study, 75 laying hens of the Lohmann Brown line in the laying stage (23 weeks of age) were used. Using a completely randomized block design (DRB) with three treatments, five replicates and 4, 5 and 6 animals per replicate. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical software Infostat, comparing their means using the Tukey test with a significance margin of 95%. The experimental period lasted three weeks, during which the birds were exposed to the aforementioned densities. Data was collected at the beginning, during, and end of the study. The results showed highly significant differences between treatments (p=<0.001), with T1 achieving the highest levels in cortisol levels (0.31 μg/dL), egg production (78.09%), egg weight (59.48 g), egg mass (4644.05 g), ICA (1.80 g/g), egg albumen height (8.12 mm), and Haugh units (90.99). This was the best compared to the others, although no significant differences were found in the other parameters evaluatedItem Evaluación de preparado microbiano sobre los índices productivos y digestibilidad aparente en gallinas Lohmann Brown(2025-08) Oyasa Rogel, Stephanie Anahi; Guerrero Lópe, Jorge RicardoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of homemade microbial preparation on production indices, egg quality, Haugh units, and apparent digestibility. To this end, 100 Lohmann Brown hens (from 23 weeks of age) were used in a completely randomised design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates, and 5 animals in each replicate, applying analysis of variance with Tukey's test at 0.05%. The treatments consisted of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% inclusion of microbial culture in the balanced feed. The data obtained for each of these sections were evaluated using the Infostat® statistical programme. The study was conducted over three weeks, from 23 to 26 weeks of age of the hens. Overall, the evaluation of the apparent digestibility of the different nutrients, such as dry matter, crude fibre, protein, ash, nitrogen-free extract, TDN, and apparent metabolisable energy, was carried out with 4 days of adaptation and 7 days of sample collection. Although there were no statistically significant differences in most production indices, better results can be attributed to treatment 3 (0.3% microbial culture). However, in terms of egg quality, specifically in Haugh units, there were highly significant differences (p<0.0001). Finally, after analysing the apparent digestibility of nutrients, differences were only found in ELN (p=0.0341) and EMAn (p=0.0396).Item Evaluación de mezcla forrajera de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) y maíz (Zea mays) sobre el rendimiento productivo en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) nativos(2025-08) Paucar Manjarres, Estefania De Los Angeles; Guerrero López, Jorgue RicardoIn this research, productive indices were evaluated in guinea C.porcellus subjected to different diets, using different proportions of M. sativa and Z. mays, for which 48 weaned crossbred guinea pigs with an average weight of 366 grams were used. The experimental animals were raised in a floor-standing system, respecting the recommended spaces and breeding conditions. To obtain reliable results in the experiment, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used with 3 experimental treatments: T1 (70% M. sativa and 30% Z. mays), T2 (60% M. sativa and 40% Z. mays) T3 (50% M. sativa 50% Z. mays), and 4 replications, giving a total of 12 replications. The size of each experimental unit was 4 animals. The guinea pigs were evaluated from weaning (30 days of age) to fattening (70 days of age), the coefficient of variation was (0.48) which indicates a high homogeneity of the treatments. The feed conversion ratio was evaluated, with T2 showing the best results in this indicator (14.23%), carcass yield (62.95%), and cost-benefit ratio (2.21), unlike T1 and T3, which had lower production rates. The 5% Tukey test showed statistically significant differences between the experimental treatments. The experimental animals did not present any pathologies or mortality during the research period. We can conclude that, according to the experimental conditions, the diet that recorded the best performance was the mixture of 60% M. sativa and 40% Z. mays. However, it is recommended that this main diet be investigated with the addition of supplementary dietsItem Efecto del Rhodobacter Sphaeroides sobre los índices productivos y digestibilidad aparente en pollos de engorde(2025-02) Maliza Pacha Nelly Elizabeth; Guerrero López Jorge RicardoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides in different doses on the productive índices and the apparent digestibility of nutrients. For this purpose, four treatments werw used; T0 control group without the addition of R. Shpaeroides; 1 ml of R. Shpaeroides; T2 with 2 ml of R. Shpaeroides and T3 with 3 ml of R. Shpaeroides per liter of wáter. For the study, 200 one- day- old male and female broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 line were used. Through a completely randomized design with 10 repetitions per treatment and 5 animals per repetition. The data obtained were evaluated with the Infostat statistical program using the Tukey test with a significance leve lof 95 %. The productive period was divided into four stages: initial (0- 10 days); growth (11- 22 days); finisher I (23- 42 days) and finisher II (43- final), while the evaluation of the apparent digestibility of nutrients was carried out in a periodo f 35- 42 days of age. Regarding the results, T3 presented better result in terms of final weight (3052.29 g); weight gain (3012.61 g) and European Efficiency Index (318.72), while feed consumption (g) anda feed conversión index did not present significant differences (P< 0.05). Regarding the apparent digestibility of nutrients, there were no major significant differences (P> 0.05).Item Evaluación del forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) y concentrado sobre los índices productivos en etapas de crecimiento y engorde en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2024-08) Villalba Chulco, Ambar Cristina; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe study evaluated the effects of different proportions of hydroponic barley green fodder (FVHC) and feed concentrate in the feeding of guinea pigs in the growth and fattening stages. The treatments were distributed in five groups: 100% FVHC + 0% feed concentrate (T0), 75% FVHC + 25% feed concentrate (T1), 50% FVHC + 50% feed concentrate (T2), 25% FVHC + 75% feed concentrate (T3) and 0% FVHC + 100% feed concentrate (T4). The results showed that T2 (50% FVHC + 50% feed concentrate) was the most balanced and effective as it obtained significant weight gain and adequate feed conversion in the growth and fattening stage. On the contrary, T0 (100% FVHC + 0% feed concentrate) and T4 (0% FVHC + 100% feed concentrate) had limitations in which the former obtained higher feed intake and higher feed conversion, demonstrating that it was not sufficient to satisfy the guinea pig's nutritional requirements. On the other hand, T4 presented lower feed efficiency throughout the study because the insufficient amount of fiber negatively affected its performance. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of a mixed diet to ensure optimal performance and welfare of the guinea pigs.Item Adición de la harina de limón mandarina (Citrus x limonia) sobre los índices productivos e inmunoglobulinas en cerdos (Sus scrofa domesticus) post destete(2024-08) Ortega Espín, Adriana Denis; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe main objective of this research was to evaluate the addition of Mandarin lemon (Citrus x limonia) flour on productive indices and IgG and IgA immunoglobulins in post-weaning pigs. Four treatments were employed: Control Treatment (T0) without addition of flour; T1: with 0.1%; T2: with 0.2%; and T3: with 0.3% (Citrus x limonia). We used 24 post-weaning pigs of Landrace x Yorkshire crossbreed, 28 days old with initial weights ranging from 5.4 to 6.4 kg. They were distributed into 4 treatments with 6 repetitions each one, with one animal per repetition, using a completely randomized experimental design (DCA). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significance level of 95%, with the statistical software Infostat 2020. The duration of the research work was 28 days, during which weights were recorded at 35, 42, 49, and 56 days of age. Subsequently, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and sent to the laboratory to determine the levels of serum immunoglobulins IgG and IgA using the immunoturbidimetry technique. No significant results were obtained regarding productive indices in the first three weeks. However, in week four, it was demonstrated that there was a better weight gain ratio and a more favorable feed conversion ratio for T0, while T3 had a higher weight gain and feed conversion ratio, making it the least favorable. In immunology, results were obtained for T0 in IgA and for treatment T2 in IgG. Additionally, a lower incidence of digestive disorders was observed due to antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.Item Efecto de la harina de cúrcuma (Cúrcuma longa) y romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) en los índices productivos y coccidiosis en pollos de engorde(2024-08) Medina Vera, Pamela Alexandra; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of turmeric (C. longa) and rosemary (R. officinalis) in different doses, on the productive indices and the oocyst count of Eimeria spp, for this we worked with nine treatments, each combined according to the established dose, being for C. longa (0, 0.02, 0.05 %) and R. officinalis (0, 0.05, 0.1 %) respectively. For the study, 270 one-day-old Cobb 500 mixed chickens were used. By means of the completely randomized DCA design with factorial arrangement with 3 replicates for each treatment and 10 animals per repetition. The data were evaluated with the statistical program Infostat by means of the Tukey test at a significance level of 95%. The analysis was carried out in three different stages (initial, growth and fattening) respectively, while the measurements for the evaluation of oocysts of Eimeria spp were carried out in 3 periods (27, 35 and 48 days of age) respectively. Regarding the results, there were no significant differences greater than (P>0.05) in the production indices: Final weight (g), Weight gain (g), Feed intake (g), AQI (g/g), IEE, Mortality %, Cost/Benefit (C/B). In relation to the evaluation of oocysts of Eimeria spp., statistical differences could be observed in the intake at 48 days of age, the treatment that obtained a better result was T5 with an average of 29.17 oocysts/g of feces.Item Evaluación del butirato de sodio sobre los índices productivos y morfometría de las vellosidades intestinales en pollos de engorde(2024-08) Izurieta Buenaño, Sofía Anahí; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present research project evaluated the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on productive indices and intestinal (duodenal) villi morphometry in broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old Cobb 500 male chickens were divided into 5 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates, in a completely randomized design; The diets were formulated as follows: T0 (-) (control), T1 (0.05% BS), T2 (0.10% BS), T3 (0.15% BS) and T4 (+) (0.05% flavomycin). During the entire experimental period (42 days), inclusive, in the 4 evaluation phases (pre-initial, initial, fattening and finishing), the chickens did not show statistically significant differences between treatments (p>0.05) on the productive indices (final weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio); Similarly, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found for the variables crypt depth, duodenal villus length and width on days 21 and 35. However, according to the cost: benefit (C/B) ratio, T1 and T3 showed a higher profit (9 cents per dollar invested), followed by T0 (6 cents), T4 (3 cents) and T2 (2 cents). In conclusion, the addition of BS does not improve the productive indices and duodenal villus morphometry of Cobb 500 chickens, although it is estimated that it shows a greater economic benefit.