Tesis Medicina Veterinaria

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    Evaluación de la eficacia in vitro del aceite esencial de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) como control natural de pulgas en caninos domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris)
    (2024-08) Aguilar Zapata, Jordi Pau; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    In the field of human health, pest control has always been very important both in the care of crops and in the fact that they become one of the main factors of disease transmission, with the flea becoming an important vector for the transmission and how to trigger many diseases. Due to this problem, a countless number of insecticides have been created, which due to constant and misuse have created fleas resistant to them, for this reason, this research seeks to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis ) as a natural control of fleas in domestic canines (Canis lupus familiaris). 90 fleas were collected using the fine comb technique, which were subjected to different rosemary treatments (1%, 2%, 4%, 8%) as well as a positive control (Fipronil) and a negative control (distilled water). The fleas were identified as Ctenocephalides felis, based on the morphological characteristics of the head and antennae. In relation to the effectiveness of rosemary oil, it was found that the mortality rate increased with increasing concentration. The highest mortality rate was obtained when rosemary essential oil was used at a concentration of 8%, reaching 50% after 1 hour of application and after 24 and 48 hours mortality reached 100%. Based on the results, it is suggested to carry out in vivo effectiveness evaluations to determine its safety on dogs.
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    Evaluación pronóstica de la reacción inmunohistoquímica del Ki- 67 en neoplasias mamarias de caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
    (2024-08) Rivera Lascano, Daysi Nayeli; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
    The present study was designed to determine the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index in canine mammary neoplasms and its relationship with the histological degree of malignancy. The retrospective study was carried out at the Laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato, with 20 tumor samples obtained by incisional and excisional biopsies from female canine patients who attended the Veterinary Center, framed from May 2023 - May 2024. Of the twenty samples, 75% were obtained from entire females and 25% from sterilized females. The neoplasms were classified according to their histopathological degree of malignancy and compared with an immunohistochemical study that included a cell count to determine the Ki-67 proliferation index. All cases evaluated were malignant neoplasms, the histopathological grading showed the following distribution: 55% grade I (11T), 40% grade II (8T), 5% grade III (1T). Regarding the Ki-67 proliferation index, the MIB-1 antibody was used, which has proven to be one of the most used with this antigen due to its high specificity, the result was expressed as a percentage of positive cells: on a scale of 1-9%, 10 patients entered corresponding to 50%, from 10-30% there were 9 patients representing 45% and >30%, 1 patient representing 5%. When relating the Ki- 67 proliferation index with the histological grade of malignancy, a statistically significant response was obtained (P = 0.0078) which indicates that the higher the histopathological grade, the higher the Ki-67 index. These results suggest that, when performing a histopathological study, it should be complemented with an immunohistochemical study of Ki-67 to have a better diagnosis and to know the prognosis of each patient to apply an appropriate treatment.