Medicina
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Item PRINCIPALES FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA MUERTE SÚBITA EN EL LACTANTE Y MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Tixi Moya, Mónica Liliana; Fiallos Brito, Edisson JavierIntroduction: sudden infant death (SIDS), first defined in 1956 by the American Academy of Pediatrics as the death of an apparently healthy child, less than one year of age, without comprehensive explanation, including a complete autopsy and examination detail of the death scene, this event occurs especially during sleep. It is a syndromic diagnosis that is reached by exclusion and is likely to have different etiologies. The objective of this bibliographic review is to compile updated information on the main risk factors involved in sudden infant death, establishing prevention measures applicable within society. Methodology: literature review study based on the search for information using recognized electronic databases in health sciences such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Science direct, Google Scholar, using keywords such as sudden death; infant; risk factor’s; prevention, unexpected death including original scientific articles published in the last five years, without language restriction, 100 articles were reviewed of which 30 were chosen. Results: information is collected that allows establishing sleeping position and drug consumption by caregivers as potential causes of sudden death in infants, in addition to the use of campaigns as the main strategy to eradicate the causative factors. Conclusions: sudden infant death is a syndrome that frequently occurs in children under 6 months of age, constituting an important health problem. It is determined that the sleeping position is the factor that causes it most frequently and that it can be modifiable.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO PREVENIBLES EN EL CÁNCER GÁSTRICO, UNA ENFERMEDAD SILENCIOSA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Ortiz Torres, Emily Valeria; Verónica Gabriela, Salinas VelasteguiGastric cancer has been considered a serious oncological problem and has been positioned among the five most frequent oncological diseases. It has high morbidity and mortality and its presentation is based on the detection of risk factors that can be potentially preventable, among them we find to eating habits, mainly the consumption of substances that activate the inflammatory cascade and cause changes in the gastric epithelium, toxic habits such as alcohol and tobacco consumption and without neglecting Helicobacter Pylori infection, which in our Ecuadorian environment reaches a colonization of the 60 – 70% of the entire population, without a doubt we cannot also leave aside non-modifiable risk factors such as age, sex and genetic predisposition. The signs and symptoms are usually varied and will depend on the severity with which the condition presents and must be related to the patient's clinical history; the two together will give the diagnosis. Prevention and education with patients will make this pathology reduce the present cases; the approach has to be managed from the first level of care.Item PREVENCIÓN DEL CÁNCER DE TIROIDES EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE SALUD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Morales Lozada, Luis David; Acosta Gavilánez, Roberto IvánIntroduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common type of cancer of the endocrine system, so research will provide updated information on this disease and seek to develop strategies to identify risk factors that may be useful in its prevention. Objective: Design prevention strategies that can be applied at the primary care level by general practitioners or specialists in family and community medicine to mitigate the risk of thyroid cancer. Methodology: The present study was carried out under a literature review over the last 5 years using scientific databases: Google Scholar, Scopus, Scielo, PubMed, in addition to web pages, clinical practice guidelines and other sites with information of importance to the study. Results: The causes of thyroid cancer are not yet fully understood, however, some of the factors that would be involved in its appearance are obesity, exposure to radiation, environmental factors, nutritional patterns and dietary patterns that according to the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) cancer can be prevented in 30 to 50% of cases if strategies are implemented to guide the eradication of these predisposing factors, so through research, preventive strategies were created that could reduce the risk of thyroid cancer. Conclusions: Thyroid cancer can be prevented in 30 to 50% of cases if strategies, policies or programs are implemented to guide the identification and eradication of predisposing factors. However, it should be clarified that the absence of cancer is not guaranteed, but it can help reduce the risk of developing it.Item ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA CÁNCER TESTICULAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Chamorro Ortiz, Tatiana Alexandra; Parra Rosero, Andrea CatalinaIntroduction: Testicular cancer is a common neoplasm in young men aged between 15 and 40 years. It significantly affects a man's quality of life and reproductive function; however, it has a 90% cure rate and a 95% survival rate in those who are diagnosed early. Nevertheless, the clinical presentation is not specific and may only appear as painless unilateral swelling. For this reason, it is important to be aware of the risk factors for testicular cancer, which can range from age, syndromes, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Objective: Integrate updated knowledge on risk factors for testicular cancer. Methodology: A review of updated scientific literature was carried out between the period of 2019-2023. The search was performed using the terms: “risk factors for testicular cancer” “Testicular cancer” “Epidemiology of Testicular Cancer” “Etiology of Testicular Cancer”, in databases: Medscape, Clinical Practice Guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane. Results: Through the theoretical search it was possible to obtain updated information on the definition, etiology, epidemiology, the main risk factors, the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention measures in relation to testicular cancer. Conclusions: Testicular cancer, although rare, has a good prognosis with early diagnosis and treatment. Detection through self-examination and regular tests is crucial.Item Principales factores relacionados a la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica y su progresión a hepatopatía crónica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-13) Llamuca Salazar, Erika Paola; Guamán Guamán, Mercedes IsabelNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the accumulation of fat in the liver causing inflammation in the liver tissue, very common in the population, caused by variousfactors such as genetic, environmental, and related to lifestyle, currently its incidence has been increasing rapidly, not being detected in a timely manner can progress to chronic liver disease. NASH is caused by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides, which in turn are responsible for generating lipotoxicity and oxidative stress due to previous persistent hepatic steatosis. His clinic is very unspecific at the time of questioning or physical examination performed. The diagnosis of NASH is usually detected as incidental findings in which we observe increased transaminases or the presence of fatty tissue on ultrasound. There are scores that help us to diagnose it, however, the Gold standard is the biopsy, but it is not recommended because it is an invasive method which can bring future complications to the patient. The main treatment is non-pharmacological, making resounding changes in the patient's lifestyle, opting for a healthier style that includes a good diet and physical exercise, allowing the improvement of inflamed liver tissue and avoiding possible complications such as cardiovascular ones, which are very common. . Pharmacological treatment will be chosen as long as non-pharmacological treatment fails, such as vitamin E and pioglitazone, which helps us reduce the risk of developing fibros.Item Impacto de los factores ambientales en la aparición de preeclampsia grave (Revisión de la literatura)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-09-01) Martínez Quinteros, Andrea Soledad; Belalcázar Sánchez, Yajaira Monserrath, DraPreeclampsia is a vascular placental pathology that affects around 5% of all pregnant women worldwide, characterized by the presence of high blood pressure and proteinuria from the 20th week of gestation. It represents the fourth cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and, in turn, is one of the main causes of induced prematurity and intrauterine fetal growth restriction. Currently, climate change is a fact that must be taken into account within the risk factors in the development of various pathologies, which allows health professionals to develop skills and attitudes in the field of climate change. Seasonal and climatic factors seem to be involved in the development of this pathology, however, there are insufficient studies that examine all individual, socioeconomic and environmental factors, including the meteorological or climatic variant, as influential factors in the development of severe preeclampsia. The seasonality of preeclampsia has been observed at the time of delivery by different studies carried out in regions with different climatic and economic conditions. The present work will consist of a systematic review of the available bibliography in scientific journal publications with a good level of evidence of publications made in the last 10 years, in Spanish, English and French languages. Information will be collected from databases such as Medline, Intra Med, PubMed, The Cochrane, SciELO, Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL), BASE, Scinapse, Semantic Scholar, among others. In addition, bibliographic data and citations of scientific articles and degree works available in the virtual library of the Technical University of Ambato and in universities at an international level will be included, taking the line of research belonging to Human Health itself that corresponds to the Domain of Food Systems, Nutrition and Health of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato.Item Prevención del contagio por covid-19 en comunidades indígenas del cantón Ambato en Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-06-01) Mena Amaluiza, Ariel Iván; Hernández Navarro, Elena Vicenta PhD.Covid 19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an international health emergency in January 2020 and classified as a pandemic in March of the same year, Covid-19, is without doubt the topic of greatest clinical and investigative interest worldwide, national and local, the purpose of this research work is to design a relevant community prevention strategy with the needs of these population groups, from a medical and scientific bibliographic base, As a theoretical foundation, a strategy for the prevention of infections by Covid19 in indigenous communities of the Ambato canton in Ecuador was designed, which consists of seven phases that include data analysis and mapping of the population at risk; characterization of the group; needs assessment; initial evaluation of the state of health; execution and implementation of prevention and promotion activities; final evaluation and socialization of the resultsItem Evaluación de factores de riesgo para la infección por el virus sars-cov-2 a través de una plataforma integrada en el cantón Ambato, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-06-01) Rivera Moposita, Mariela Fernanda; Leiva Suero, Lizette Elena PHDIntroduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third agent within its species that has caused an emerging crisis during the 21st century. The existence of risk factors specific to each population for coronavirus disease 2019 makes new research necessary. Objective: To evaluate risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection present in the population of Ambato Canton through an integrated platform. Methodology: Patients from the Ambato canton were evaluated through the risk factor module enabled in the computer application. From October 2020 to April 2021. People over 14 years of age, exposed to coronavirus in home isolation, who have agreed to participate in the research, were included. Results: 626 people were selected for clinical evaluation. The infection rate was 8%. In this group, the following predominated: the range of 18 to 26 years (84%), the female gender (72%), the mestizo population (96%), the adequate weight (84%) and a mild evolution of the disease (98%); in addition, 6% presented social risk factors. Of xiii the 52 people with pathological history, 4 were cases of infection (7.69%). Of the total of 463 women and 163 men, the positive cases were 36 (7.77%) and 14 (8.58%) respectively. Conclusions: The young adult population of the Ambato canton constitutes an important risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The presence of pathological antecedents did not increase the risk of infection in these patients and the majority had a mild clinical picture. Both women and men seem to have the same risk of getting sick. Social risk factors, although they were not determining factors due to their incidence values, represent a condition that can be preventedItem "Correlación de hallazgos colposcópicos e histopatológicos en lesiones cervicales asociadas o no a papiloma virus en pacientes femeninas atendidas en Solca- unidad oncológica Tungurahua”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2020-07-01) Semblantes Paredes, Norma Guadalupe; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy NayghitPhDIntroduction: Cervical cancer (CaCu) constitutes a growing threat that threatens the lives of women around the world, Ecuador becomes vulnerable to this type of pathologies due to various factors where the lack of adherence to screening and the prevalence of HPV seem to be more relevant indicators. Objective: To correlate the colposcopic and histopathological findings of cervical lesions associated or not with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), with the degree of progression to CaCu in patients assisted at SOLCA Tungurahua Oncology Unit. Methodology: This is a prospective descriptive study involving 84 patients, using information documented by SOLCA - Tungurahua Oncology Unit. A correlation was made between the CaCu screening tests and the behavior of the lesions over time, which were directed towards remission, persistence, regression or progression of the disease. Results: Of the 84 patients in the study population, 20 patients started with negative tests and 64 patients had alterations in the screening tests at first contact, whose lesions experienced remission in 30 patients (47%), regression in 1 patient (2%) , persistence in 25 patients (39%), and progression in 8 patients (13%). In the end, 8 patients ended up with a diagnosis of CaCu where colposcopic and histopathological findings were correlated consistently in 75% of cases and HPV had an impact in 88%, respectively. 100% of patients who experienced progression of the cervical pathology were due to the lack of adherence to consecutive screening and timely treatment. Conclusions: This study determined that there is a good correlation between colposcopic and histopathological findings in patients with a diagnosis of UC, where the degree of progression of the lesions is directly associated with the lack of adherence to screening and timely treatment, HPV is a factor risk is important but not essential in the evolution of CaCu, as there are other factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.Item "Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en adultos mayores en áreas urbanas y rurales del cantón Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2020-07-01) Peñaherrera López, Lizbeth Andrea; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia Dra. Ph.D.This research was focus to determine risk factors and prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in older adults in urban and rural areas of Ambato city during March 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020. This research was part of daily care, mainly in primary care centers where apparently healthy old adults went some hours per day. It was a qualitative, descriptive study. 173 patients participate and had a checkup medical consultation. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 14.45% in the studied areas in the Ambato city. It was more frequently found in those people over 80 years old. Also, it was found that 40% of the patients with hypertension had high blood pressure grade II according to the AHA /ACC 2017 classification. The highest risk factor for hypertension patients were the absence of treatment adherence. This is part of a complex economic and social situation which can deteriorate the prognosis for older adults.