Medicina
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A COMPLICACIONES DE ANASTOMOSIS COLORRECTAL EN CIRUGÍA COLÓNICA(2025-06-16) Ricachi Guevara, Steven Alexander; Cadena Baquero, Juan Carlos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaPostoperative complications in colorectal surgery can significantly impact patient health. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications in colorectal anastomosis to optimize clinical decision-making through an up-to-date literature review. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were reviewed using databases such as PUBmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Out of 10,000 initial articles, 41 relevant studies were selected. The findings reveal that comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune disorders increase the risk of postoperative complications, including anastomotic dehiscence, severe infections, and prolonged hospital stays. In adition, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia negatively affect wound healing and postoperative recovery. The discussion highlights the influence of these factors on tissue perfusion, healing, and infection susceptibility, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in preoperative and postoperative management. Finally, it has been concluded that personalized preoperative strategies and the appropriate selection of surgical techniques are essential to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.