Medicina

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Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como complicación en pacientes postcovid 19
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-03) Oñate Guachón, Rocío Abigail; Acosta Gavilanez, Roberto Iván
Diabetes mellitus as a consequence of SARS-CoV 2 infection is a rare entity that has been presented in recent times as a com plication at the pancreatic level, the mechanisms for its production are directly related to the damage of the gland at both exocrine and endocrine level, the main feature is manifested when the angiotensin - converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) initially located at the pulmonary level was identified as the major functional receptor for SARS-CoV2, However, it is now known that ACE2 is present not only at the pulmonary level, but also at the heart, kidney, esophagus, ileum, colon and finally at the pancreas level, thanks to research conducted directly with SARS-CoV2 positive SARS patients. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of SARS -CoV-2 as a possible trigger and enhancer of diabetes mellitus in postcovida patients. There is a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes increase the risk of developing complications by contracting the infection, however COVID -19 can also act as a diabetogenic agent by binding to ACE2 present in pancreatic beta cells causing irreversible damage, another factor considered is the inflammatory state that causes COVID-19, These inflammatory states are the cause of generating hyperglycemic states and insulin resistance, which is why the continuous monitoring of glucose in patients who have suffered infections by the Covid 19 v irus will be essential for the prevention of diabetes in the future.
ESTUDIO DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Y LA DEPRESIÓN
(2025-06-16) Guanina Aranda, Melanie Nicole; Acosta Gavilanez, Roberto Iván; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Depression is a mental disorder that affects behavior and thoughts, and limits the person's ability to interact socially and carry out daily activities, altering their lifestyle. Objective: Develop a framework that explains the influence of the intestinal microbiota on depression. Methodology: A review of the conceptual literature was carried out by searching scientific databases, analyzing systematic and conceptual reviews and meta-analyses that were included in the study under the selection of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: It was shown that the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and depression was investigated starting in the 17th century. The intestine is innervated by the enteric nervous system, which corresponds to a set of neurons within the gastrointestinal wall responsible for basic functions such as the secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones, motility, nutrient absorption and regulation of blood flow. The synthesis of neurotransmitters corresponds to a process that has currently been related to the intestinal microbiota. The discovery of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and its incidence in depression has been one of the pillars for treatment. An alternative has been the inclusion of the use of probiotics, due to the capacity of some strains such as lactobacillus and bifidobacterium that intervene in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, which are responsible for regulating the state of patient mood. Concludes: Elements such as the vagus nerve and the metabolization of amino acid precursors such as tyrosine and tryptophan that are a product of the intervention of the intestinal microbiota are key intermediaries in the relationship between the microbiota and depression and therapeutic strategies, such as The use of probiotics and dietary changes have shown benefits in reducing depressive symptoms.
TRATAMIENTO DE LA LUMBALGIA CON EL BLOQUEO DE LA ARTICULACIÒN FACETARIA LUMBAR. REVISIÒN BIBLIOGRÀFICA
(2025-06-16) Yugcha Quiquintuña, Dennis Omar; Acosta Gavilanez, Roberto Iván; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Low back pain is one of the main causes of disability worldwide, significantly affecting the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Lumbar facet block has emerged as a therapeutic option for the management of chronic pain associated with this syndrome. The objective of this review was to analyze the treatment of low back pain by blocking the lumbar facet joint, examining its efficacy in patients with low back pain. A narrative literature review was carried out in the main databases, selecting studies published between 2013 and 2023 that evaluated the efficacy of facet block. The results showed that lumbar facet block was effective in reducing pain, with significant improvements in patients' functionality, however, the duration of relief is longer in patients without major structural changes in the spine. In conclusion, lumbar facet block has been established as an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic low back pain, providing a significant reduction in pain and improvement in patient functionality. The technique can be useful both in the short and long term, although the duration of relief varies according to individual characteristics.