EVIDENCIA DE LA FISIOTERAPIA EN EL TRATAMIENTO PARA EL VÉRTIGO POSICIONAL PAROXÍSTICO BENIGNO

Abstract

Introduction: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of peripheral vertigo, characterized by brief but intense episodes of dizziness triggered by changes in position. Although its exact etiology is not yet fully understood, displaced otoliths have been identified as triggering the characteristic symptoms. In recent years, physiotherapy has emerged as an effective intervention in the management of BPPV, especially regarding canalith repositioning maneuvers. This literature review article examines the current evidence on the efficacy of physiotherapy in the treatment of posterior canal BPPV, exploring its impact on symptom resolution, recurrence prevention, and improvement of patients' quality of life. Objective: To determine the evidence of physiotherapy in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior canal. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the PRISMA method in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and SpringerLink databases, including a total of 10 randomized clinical trials. Results and Discussion: Numerous studies have demonstrated that canalith repositioning maneuvers, such as the Epley maneuver and the Semont maneuver, are highly effective in displacing otoliths and alleviating symptoms of positional vertigo. Additionally, vestibular physiotherapy, which includes habituation exercises and balance training, was found to improve postural stability and reduce the frequency of recurrences in patients with BPPV. The evidence also suggests that physiotherapy may have significant benefits in terms of improving quality of life and functionality in these patients