Estudio del reforzamiento estructural de varillas de acero ASTM A706 mediante un proceso de soldadura SMAW y su incidencia a las propiedades mecánicas

Abstract

In Ecuador, in the placement of structural rod, to comply with lengths that exceed the 12 meters that a commercial rod measures, it is common to make overlaps tied with wire, welding being an uncommon alternative in the middle, however, in the overlaps tied, critical points are created, which is why the need has been seen to analyze the welding since currently the municipal GAD requests that they be welded, this being a motivation to study the structural reinforcement of ASTM A706 steel rods, which is marketed in the country, through a SMAW welding process and its impact on the mechanical properties for which we will rely on the AWS D1.4 code, which deals with reinforcing bars and provides guidelines for welding them. In this project, an experimental methodology was used, an analysis of different welding processes was carried out on ASTM A706 structural steel rods, for the selection of the electrode, specific electrodes were chosen for welding ASTM A706 steel that meet the specifications and requirements. of the project As results, it was obtained that in the visual analyzes of the rods there were porosity and overmount failures, which were acceptable according to the specifications of the AWS D1.4, in the tensile tests it was obtained that the rods as a base material resisted on average 602.88 MPa, and that the cases that resisted the most tensile stress were the one in which electrode 6011 and type V joint was used with 508.46 MPa and the one that was carried out with electrode 7018 and double V joint with 492.60 MPa of ultimate stress As for the macrographs, the correct fusion of the materials was visualized, both in overlap and in a V joint. As a conclusion, we can obtain that the welding in the aforementioned cases reaches high tensile stresses, however it does not equal that of the base material. , so it is proposed for future studies to analyze the mechanical properties of the material with other types of electrodes or welding processes.