Diseño preliminar del alcantarillado sanitario del barrio Santo Domingo, parroquia de San José de Poaló, Cantón Píllaro con un área aproximada de 32 ha, incluida una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para los dos barrios fase 2.

Abstract

The implementation of an adequate sanitation system improves quality of life and prevents negative impacts on community health. This thesis project was carried out in Santo Domingo neighborhood, San José de Poaló parish, Píllaro canton, Tungurahua province, covering an area of 46.73 hectares. Its objective was to propose a sanitary sewerage system and the design of a wastewater treatment plant that also serves the neighboring community of Censo Poaló, aiming to optimize resources and ensure an efficient sanitation system for the sector. The methodology consisted of three stages. The first stage included a population census, delimitation and characterization of the study area, and a topographic survey conducted using RTK equipment. The current population was determined to be 243 inhabitants. Due to a negative population growth rate, a 1% growth rate was adopted according to national regulations, resulting in a projected population of 312 inhabitants over the 25-year design period. A water supply rate of 122.78 L/inhabitant/day was established, consistent with the cold climatic conditions of the area. During the second stage, a sanitary sewer network with a total length of 4.76 km was designed. Owing to the steep topography, with slopes close to 30%, 300 mm × 300 mm concrete channels with artificial roughness elements were implemented in the initial sections to control erosion caused by high flow velocities. In areas with lower slopes, a conventional design using 200 mm PVC pipes was adopted. The maximum flow rate generated by both communities was 11.746 L/s. Design parameters such as flow velocity, flow depth, and tractive stress (> 1.0 Pa) were verified to ensure the self-cleansing capacity of the system. For wastewater treatment, a system composed of screening, primary sedimentation, an Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF), and sludge drying beds was selected, ensuring that the treated effluent complies with the discharge limits established by current environmental regulations. In the final stage, technical drawings and the reference budget were developed. The proposed project aims to contribute to improving the quality of life of the population and protecting the area's water resources.