Sistema de localización en tiempo real para la seguridad de exploradores en las zonas montañosas de Tungurahua con tecnología Lorawan

Abstract

The objective of this project is to enhance the safety of explorers in the mountainous areas of Mount Tungurahua through the implementation of a real-time localization system based on LoRaWAN and GPS NEO 6M. To address the needs of the explorers identified in the survey, an appropriate IoT architecture was developed, selecting the most efficient modules and electronic components. During field tests conducted on the North and South routes of the volcano, the system showed a success rate of 75% on the North route and 70% on the South route, demonstrating its effectiveness in challenging terrain. The system achieved 80% coverage in areas with constant signal and a margin of error of 6.42 meters, though in areas with dense vegetation and rocky formations, the margin of error increased to 7.37 meters, highlighting the need to improve coverage in these critical areas. Although the prototype uses an 8800mA battery, its autonomy was limited to 4 hours, which posed a challenge for longer expeditions. The implementation of retractable batteries extended the autonomy to 8 hours, though further optimization is needed for extended expeditions. The simulation of two repeaters on the North - Pondoa and South - Puela routes significantly improved signal quality, with the reception level (Rx) improving from -120.2 dBm to -75.6 dBm, ensuring reliable transmission in remote áreas