Cicatrización de heridas con la técnica Mölndal (ambiente húmedo) en comparación a la cicatrización convencional

Abstract

Surgical wound healing is a complex biological process that can be influenced by postoperative management strategies aimed at promoting tissue repair. The use of polyurethane dressings has shown positive outcomes because they maintain a moist and protected environment that supports more efficient healing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyurethane dressings on wound closure, scar- related changes assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale, and the persistence of the cardinal signs of inflammation (Celsus' signs) in canine patients undergoing reproductive surgeries. The study was conducted in clinically healthy canine patients assigned to two experimental groups: one treated using the Mölndal technique with a polyurethane dressing and the other managed without wound coverage. Evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 4, 7, 10, and 15 through measurement of residual wound length, application of the Vancouver Scar Scale, and assessment of the cardinal signs of inflammation. The results showed that wounds treated with dressings exhibited a significantly shorter residual wound length on postoperative day 4 (p = 0.005), indicating faster wound closure during the early phases of healing. Likewise, the total Vancouver Scar Scale score was significantly lower in this group on day 4 (p = 0.025), mainly due to reduced local vascularization. The presence of Celsus' signs was significantly associated with treatment on days 4 (p = 0.010) and 7 (p = 0.042), with a more rapid resolution of inflammation observed in animals treated with dressings. The use of polyurethane dressings promoted earlier surgical wound closure and reduced the persistence of inflammatory signs during the initial phase of wound healing.