Diseño de aulas multisensoriales y accesibles que atiendan las necesidades educativas y de movilidad de niños con discapacidad visual en una institución educativa de Ambato

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the architectural design of multisensory and accessible classrooms that address the educational and mobility needs of children with visual impairments. The project is located at the "General Eloy Alfaro Delgado" Educational Unit in the Ciudadela España neighborhood, an emblematic area of the city of Ambato, Tungurahua province. The project arises from the lack of institutions dedicated to providing educational support and equipping this vulnerable population with adequate and accessible infrastructure that meets all the criteria necessary for the comprehensive development of children with visual impairments. Therefore, the problem addressed in this proposal is to analyze the only educational institution dedicated to this purpose in order to identify shortcomings in the existing architectural and educational model. The research is framed within the interpretive paradigm, which is based on observing the subject to understand their needs, experiences, and the realities they face daily. Therefore, the methodology stems from the analysis of the user and the current space available for their educational development. Furthermore, an analysis of current local and national regulations is conducted, both to identify the shortcomings of the existing institution and to incorporate them into the subsequent design of the chosen Educational Unit. The proposal establishes multisensory design criteria that extend beyond the classroom design itself, encompassing the exterior of the infrastructure and its complementary areas. This results in a comprehensive and coherent design, thus establishing the project's relevance by creating spaces that enhance the user's learning experience, stimulating their senses and improving their quality of life through holistic development.