VISIÓN GENERAL SOBRE LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS EN EL MANEJO DE LA OSTEOMIELITIS AGUDA Y CRÓNICA

Abstract

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the bone and is caused by an infectious process that leads to inflammation. This process represents a high morbidity and as a consequence could lead to disability. The most common microorganisms related to the pathology are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. There are two well-defined forms, acute and chronic, which are differentiated by the presence of necrotic bone. Acute osteomyelitis is of hematogenous cause and is predominant in pediatric age, and it is important to note that in the initial stages we will not find dead bone; and the difference with chronic osteomyelitis is that here we do find necrotic bone, product of the arrival of pathogens to a bone affected by surgery or trauma. The therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary and depends on the stage of the disease and its classification, and is based on six fundamental pillars: surgical debridement, microbiological diagnosis, obliteration of the dead space, antibiotic therapy directed to the causative microorganisms and finally the reconstruction of soft tissues and bone.