Sistema electrónico para el monitoreo y control de variables agrícolas empleando los principios de smart farming y agricultura de precisión

Abstract

In contemporary society, agriculture plays a pivotal role. Although it is predominantly cultivated in the conventional manner, which is outdoors, there has been a notable increase in the cultivation of crops in controlled environments, such as greenhouses. This shift is driven by the need to safeguard plantations from the adverse effects of abrupt climate changes. Moreover, the integration of advanced technology tools has enabled enhanced control over the soil in which the plantations are situated, a practice known as precision agriculture. In this context, a study was conducted with the primary objective of implementing a system to control and monitor agricultural variables using Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming principles. It is imperative to have soil conducive to successful harvesting, as this is directly linked to achieving higher production and quality. The system is founded on the implementation of LoRaWAN technology, a system capable of managing multiple nodes with a high degree of reliability and without the loss of any information. The system is comprised of four distinct stages: data acquisition, transmission, control and processing, and visualization. The acquisition stage involves the use of sensors to gather data from the soil and the environment within the greenhouse, with a demonstrated reliability of 98.1%.The transmission stage employs LoRaWAN technology, utilizing Heltec LoRa32 microcontrollers and a gateway that functions as a central receiver for data from all nodes. The processing and visualization stage employs a dedicated graphical interface, facilitating the observation of measured variables through time-series graphs. In the control stage, the actuators demonstrated high efficiency, responding promptly and accurately to the programmed instructions