Análisis comparativo del uso de ceniza de la fibra de cabuya en la elaboración de mezclas de hormigón con dosificación de 210 kg/cm2, al 2%, 3%,5%

Abstract

The present research develops a comparative analysis of the use of cabuya fiber ash as a partial substitute for cement in concrete mixtures with a design strength of 210 kg/cm2, using percentages of 2%, 3% and 5%. The main objective was to determine whether the ash, obtained through a controlled calcination process, contributes to improving the compressive strength and potential durability of the concrete, compared to a standard mixture without substitution. The study begins with the physical, chemical and mechanical characterization of the materials. The XRF analysis showed an ash with a high calcium (CaO) content, low percentage of reactive silica and the presence of mineral elements that limit its pozzolanic performance, although they favor a certain reactivity at low doses. In addition, the evolution of the resistance of the Selva Alegre Type IP Plus cement was verified, ensuring that its behavior corresponds to the expected ranges for a composite cement, without affecting the reliability of the research. Concrete specimens were made with the established percentages and compressive strength tests were carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that the mixture with 3% CFCs reached a strength of 312.70 kg/cm2, exceeding the standard mixture of 288.83 kg/cm2 by approximately 8%, making it the optimal dosage. On the contrary, mixtures with 2% and 5% showed decreases in resistance (274.8 kg/cm2 and 263.57 kg/cm2 respectively) evidencing that these percentages do not provide mechanical improvement. In conclusion, the hypothesis is partially verified, since only the mixture with 3% of ash of the cabuya fiber improves the strength of the concrete. It is recommended to deepen studies of durability, modulus of elasticity and optimization of the process of obtaining ash for future applications.