Análisis De La Resistencia A Compresión Del Hormigón Empleando Ceniza De Caña De Azúcar Como Sustitución Parcial De Agregado Fino Del 2.5%, 3.5% Y 4.5% Para Determinar Su Cantidad Optima

Abstract

This research analyzed the compressive strength of 210 kg/cm² concrete through the partial substitution of fine aggregate with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) at proportions of 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5%. The quantitative and experimental study evaluated the mechanical behavior of 36 cylindrical specimens tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The methodology included the chemical and physical characterization of materials, mix design according to ACI 211.1, and a controlled calcination process of the ash (600°C ± 50°C). Results demonstrated that the 2.5% SCBA substitution optimizes mechanical behavior, reaching a compressive strength of 267.31 kg/cm² at 28 days, representing an increase of 1.37% compared to the control mix. Statistical analysis (Welch ANOVA and Tukey's test) confirmed that, while all dosages achieved the design compressive strength (f'c), the 2.5% concentration was statistically equivalent to the control and superior to the remaining mixes. It was concluded that sugarcane bagasse ash acts through a dual mechanism: a filler effect, which densifies the granular skeleton, and pozzolanic reactivity, confirmed by an oxide content of 87.92% (SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃). A substitution of 2.5% is recommended as the optimal dosage to improve concrete strength, simultaneously contributing to agroindustrial waste management and mitigating the scarcity of natural aggregates.