Metagenómica en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation in structures of the digestive system. In this context, metagenomics has become established as a useful tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD, since it is responsible for studying the sequencing of microbial DNA in a community, determining its microbial lineages and genes, as well as protein components in both the community of microorganisms and their metabolic network. Objective: To evaluate the best available scientific evidence on the role of metagenomics in inflammatory bowel diseases. Method: A bibliographic review was conducted during the period 2012-2025 using the PRISMA method. Results: Most studies show frequent modifications in the intestinal microbiota of patients with IBD. In bacterial communities, there was a reduction in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and an increase in adherent-invasive Escherichia coli, while other investigations indicated a close relationship between metagenomic profiles and their usefulness in the prognosis and clinical monitoring of the disease. Conclusion: Metagenomics has allowed a significant understanding of IBD, which has identified specific traits such as: dysbiosis, modification of metabolic pathways and diagnostic biomarkers of IBD