Desarrollo de un prototipo de sistema de control automático para la mejora del manejo de invernaderos: caso de estudio Vivero Garden “El Mirador”

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to design and implement an automatic irrigation system based on Fuzzy Logic and Internet of Things (IoT) in the Garden Nursery “El Mirador”, located in Pelileo, Ecuador. This project arose due to the limitations of manual irrigation, which generated variability in plant growth and inefficient water use. To address this problem, the XP methodology was adopted, integrating the needs of the owner and workers into an automated system capable of monitoring temperature, soil and environmental humidity. Sensors, an ESP8266 microcontroller and a Grafana-based graphical interface were implemented, with a modular architecture that facilitates future expansions. On the one hand, the results showed significant improvements in irrigation efficiency and plant growth. On the other hand, the implementation reduced inter-species variability and optimized the use of labor time. Specifically, species such as Eugenia, Lemon and Candle Pine showed increases in growth rate of 37.83 %, 27.92 % and 26.75 % respectively (p < 0.001). However, the orange species showed a slight reduction (-0.32 %, p = 0.0087), highlighting the need for specific adjustments. In short, the system achieved an average increase of 28.39 % in growth efficiency, evidencing its effectiveness in greenhouse optimization and its potential to be replicated in similar agricultural environments