Evaluación de niveles de fertilización y métodos de aplicación en el cultivo de mora colombiana (Rubus glaucus B.) variedad con espinas

Abstract

The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is a crop that currently has economic importance in the Ecuadorian Andes region, with Tungurahua being the province with the largest plantation area. Its production is limited by biotic and abiotic factors, nutrition being an important aspect to study. Currently, producers carry out empirical fertilization that causes low crop yields, low quality fruits, high production costs, decreased soil quality and susceptibility to pests and diseases. The present investigation was carried out in a culture of blackberry (R. glaucus Benth) Colombian variety with thorns established for five years. The objective was to evaluate fertilization levels and edaphic application methods in the crop in order to increase its production. The study factors were two application methods: broadcast (MA1) and hit (MA2) with three levels of fertilization: N2 (N 28 - P2O5 30 - K₂O 45 - MgO 27.7 - CaO 43.7 kg/ha), N1 corresponding to -25% and N3 + 25% of the amount of fertilizer calculated. Urea, triple superphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate were used as nutrient sources. Fertilizers were applied on day 0 50%, day 30 25% and day 60 25% respectively. The experimental design used was completely randomized (DCA), an analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's test at 5% were performed. Significant differences were determined for the treatment (MA2N2) in the variable weight of ten fruits. Regarding the fertilization levels with the Tukey test at 1 %, it was determined that statistically (N3 and N2) are the same, so it is not justified to apply a greater amount of fertilizer than the plant requires based on technical parameters of nutrient availability. in the soil and nutritional requirement of the crop. There were no significant differences in the variables number of inflorescences, fruit set and brix degrees.